Breeding Silky Terriers

Complete Guide for Responsible Breeders

Breeding Silky Terriers requires a deep understanding of this unique Australian toy terrier's genetic heritage, combining the refined coat of the Yorkshire Terrier with the working temperament of the Australian Terrier. With small litter sizes averaging 4 puppies, meticulous health testing, and the breed's distinctive blue-and-tan genetics, successful Silky Terrier breeding programs demand attention to detail and a commitment to preserving both the breed's signature silky coat texture and sound terrier temperament.

Breed Overview

The Silky Terrier was developed in Australia during the late 1800s through strategic crosses between Yorkshire Terriers and Australian Terriers, with the goal of improving the coat color of blue-and-tan-colored Australian Terriers while maintaining the working terrier temperament that made the breed valuable for domestic rodent control. In 1903, the Kennel Club of New South Wales drew up and adopted the first standard for the Silky-haired Terrier, formalizing the breed's characteristics. The breed was brought to the United States after World War II, and on May 9, 1959, the Silky Terrier became the 113th breed to be recognized by the American Kennel Club.

Originally bred as a companion dog and domestic rodent hunter, the Silky Terrier combines the glamorous appearance of a toy breed with the bold, alert temperament of a working terrier. The breed is classified in the AKC Toy Group and currently ranks 116th in AKC popularity, with stable registration trends indicating a dedicated but selective breeding community.

The parent breed club, the Silky Terrier Club of America (https://silkyterrier.net/), serves as the authoritative resource for breed standards, health initiatives, and breeder education.

Breed Standard Summary for Breeders

When selecting Silky Terrier breeding stock, understanding the breed standard's priorities is essential. The Silky is described as "a true toy terrier, moderately low set, slightly longer than tall, of refined bone structure but with sufficient substance to suggest the ability to hunt and kill domestic rodents." This balance between elegance and substance is critical—oversized, coarse dogs lose the toy breed refinement, while overly delicate specimens lack the terrier character.

Size specifications: Both males and females should stand 9-10 inches at the shoulder and weigh 8-10 pounds. Height under 9 inches or over 10 inches is a disqualification, making accurate structural evaluation essential before breeding.

Coat texture priority: The coat must be straight, single, glossy, and silky in texture, falling below and following the body outline. This is the breed's defining feature. Woolly or cottony coat texture is a serious fault and indicates deviation from correct genetics. Breeders must rigorously select against these incorrect textures, as they compromise the breed's identity and are difficult to eliminate once introduced.

Color distribution: Proper blue and tan coloration with correct distribution is paramount. The blue should cover the body from the base of the skull to the tail tip, down the forelegs to the elbows, and down the thighs to the hocks. Tan markings should appear on the head, ears, muzzle, cheeks, and legs. Incorrect color distribution, white markings, or brindle are serious faults.

Structural priorities: The Silky should be slightly longer than tall (approximately 9:10 ratio), with a level topline, high tail set, and proper front and rear angulation for sound, free movement. The head should be wedge-shaped with a keen, alert expression and dark eyes—light or yellow eyes are a serious fault.

Bite and dentition: Scissors bite is required. Overshot or undershot bites are serious faults. Given the breed's small jaw size, dental abnormalities including retained baby teeth and missing teeth are common, making bite evaluation critical in breeding stock selection.

Reproductive Profile

Silky Terriers typically produce small litters averaging 4 puppies, with a normal range of 3-5 puppies. This small litter size is characteristic of toy breeds and has significant implications for breeding economics—each puppy represents a substantial portion of the litter's value, making health, temperament, and structural quality per individual puppy critically important.

The C-section rate for Silky Terriers is approximately 18%, which is moderate for a toy breed. While natural whelping is the norm and preferred method, breeders should be prepared for potential dystocia, particularly in first-time dams or when litters are unusually small (resulting in larger individual puppies). Small litter sizes may result in larger individual puppies, increasing dystocia risk.

Fertility considerations specific to the breed:

Natural mating may require assistance due to size variations between males and females. While most Silky Terriers can mate naturally, close supervision is recommended to ensure successful ties, particularly when the male is significantly larger or smaller than the female.

Progesterone testing is strongly recommended to pinpoint the optimal breeding window. Given the small litter sizes and the investment in health testing and stud fees, missing the optimal breeding window can result in missed breedings or reduced conception rates.

Fresh artificial insemination is suitable when natural mating is difficult or when using a stud dog at a distance. Frozen AI is less common in Silky Terriers due to the breed's small size and limited availability of frozen semen from proven studs, but it remains an option for breeders seeking specific genetics.

Breeding Age and Timeline

Female Silky Terriers typically experience their first heat between 6-12 months of age, though this can vary by individual and bloodline. It is critical not to rush into breeding—the recommended first breeding age for females is 24 months, allowing full physical and mental maturity before the demands of pregnancy and whelping.

Males should be at least 18 months old before being used at stud, ensuring they have reached full maturity and can be properly evaluated for conformation, temperament, and health clearances.

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) requires a minimum age of 12 months for patellar luxation evaluation, which is a CHIC requirement. However, responsible breeders should wait until 24 months for females to ensure all health clearances are complete and the dog has proven herself in conformation or performance venues.

Breeding timeline from testing to placement:

1. 12-18 months: Complete initial health testing (eye exam, patellar luxation evaluation)
2. 18-24 months: Final health clearances, conformation evaluation, temperament assessment
3. 24+ months: First breeding (females)
4. 58-63 days: Gestation period
5. Whelping: Natural or C-section as needed
6. 8-10 weeks: Puppy placement age

Retirement age for breeding females is recommended at 6-7 years, with a maximum of 4 litters per female over her lifetime. This conservative approach prioritizes the long-term health and wellbeing of breeding stock.

Required Health Testing

The Silky Terrier requires two CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) health tests for responsible breeding programs. While this testing requirement is less extensive than some breeds, the conditions screened for are significant and heritable.

CHIC Required Tests:

Eye Examination by ACVO-certified ophthalmologist: This annual exam screens for progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), cataracts, and other hereditary eye diseases. Cost: approximately $85 per exam. Frequency: Annual.

Why it matters: Both PRA and cataracts are common in Silky Terriers. PRA is autosomal recessive and has a DNA test available, but annual eye exams catch early signs of cataracts and other conditions not detectable through genetic testing. Breeders should maintain annual eye clearances throughout the breeding career.

Patellar Luxation Evaluation: This physical examination by a veterinarian evaluates the stability of the kneecaps, grading them from normal to Grade 4 luxation. Cost: approximately $75. Frequency: One-time (minimum), though re-evaluation at 24 months is recommended.

Why it matters: Patellar luxation is common in Silky Terriers, with a prevalence of approximately 25%. The condition is polygenic, meaning multiple genes contribute to its expression. Only dogs with normal patellas or Grade 1 luxations (depending on individual breeding philosophy) should be used for breeding.

Total estimated CHIC testing cost per dog: Approximately $160 for initial clearances, with annual eye exam costs of $85 thereafter.

Additional Recommended Tests:

Legg-Calve-Perthes X-ray: Screens for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, a condition affecting toy breeds. Cost: approximately $200.

Bile Acids Test: Screens for portosystemic shunt (liver shunt), a congenital condition that can occur in toy breeds. Cost: approximately $150.

While these tests are not CHIC requirements, they screen for conditions that, while less common, can have devastating health consequences. Breeders should consider including them, particularly when breeding dogs from lines with any history of these conditions.

Hereditary Health Conditions

Understanding the hereditary conditions affecting Silky Terriers is essential for making informed breeding decisions. The breed faces several genetic health challenges, with eye disease and orthopedic conditions being the most prevalent.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) - Prevalence: Moderate

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive. DNA test available.

Progressive retinal atrophy causes gradual vision loss, beginning with night blindness and progressing to complete blindness. Clinical signs include dilated pupils, increased eye shine, and reluctance to navigate in dim light. Age of onset is typically 3-9 years.

Breeding impact: Because PRA is autosomal recessive, two copies of the mutant gene are required for the disease to manifest. Breeding two carriers together results in a 25% chance of affected puppies, 50% chance of carriers, and 25% chance of clear puppies. The availability of a DNA test allows breeders to make informed decisions—carrier-to-clear breedings produce no affected dogs but 50% carriers, while clear-to-clear breedings eliminate the gene entirely from that litter.

Cataracts - Prevalence: Common (approximately 20%)

Inheritance: Hereditary (mode varies by type)

Cataracts cause clouding of the eye lens, leading to vision impairment ranging from minor to severe. Age of onset is variable—cataracts can occur at any age, from juvenile to senior. While some cataracts are age-related, hereditary cataracts occur in Silky Terriers and require careful breeding selection.

Breeding impact: No DNA test is available for cataracts in Silky Terriers. Annual ACVO eye exams are essential for identifying early cataract development in breeding dogs. Dogs developing cataracts should be removed from breeding programs, and their close relatives should be monitored carefully.

Patellar Luxation - Prevalence: Common (approximately 25%)

Inheritance: Polygenic

Patellar luxation is the dislocation of the kneecap from its normal position in the femoral groove. Clinical signs include intermittent lameness, a characteristic "skipping" gait, and in severe cases, permanent lameness. Age of onset is typically 6 months to 2 years.

Breeding impact: Because patellar luxation is polygenic (controlled by multiple genes), it cannot be eliminated through simple DNA testing. Breeding only dogs with normal or Grade 1 patellas (depending on breeding philosophy) reduces but does not eliminate risk. Consider the patella grades of parents, grandparents, and siblings when evaluating breeding stock.

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease - Prevalence: Moderate (approximately 12%)

Inheritance: Suspected hereditary (polygenic)

This condition causes avascular necrosis (death) of the femoral head due to interrupted blood supply. Clinical signs include hind limb lameness, muscle atrophy in the affected leg, and pain on hip manipulation. Age of onset is typically 4-12 months.

Breeding impact: Dogs diagnosed with Legg-Calve-Perthes should not be bred. While the exact inheritance pattern is unknown, the condition clusters in families, suggesting a hereditary component. Radiographic screening before breeding can identify affected dogs.

Portosystemic Shunt - Prevalence: Rare to moderate (approximately 5%)

Inheritance: Hereditary component suspected

Portosystemic shunt is a congenital abnormality where blood from the intestines bypasses the liver, resulting in toxin buildup. Clinical signs include poor growth, neurological signs after eating (hepatic encephalopathy), vomiting, and diarrhea. Signs typically appear before 1 year of age.

Breeding impact: Affected dogs should never be bred. While the inheritance pattern is not fully understood, the condition has a hereditary component. Bile acids testing can identify affected dogs before breeding.

Idiopathic Epilepsy - Prevalence: Moderate (approximately 8%)

Inheritance: Suspected hereditary (complex)

Idiopathic epilepsy causes recurrent seizures without an identifiable structural brain abnormality. Age of onset is typically 6 months to 5 years. Diagnosis requires ruling out other causes of seizures.

Breeding impact: Dogs with confirmed idiopathic epilepsy should not be bred. The genetics are complex, and no DNA test is available. Close relatives should be monitored, and breeders should carefully evaluate pedigrees for seizure history.

Dental Abnormalities - Prevalence: Common (approximately 30%)

Inheritance: Polygenic

Dental abnormalities in Silky Terriers include retained baby teeth, malocclusion (incorrect bite), and missing teeth. These issues typically become apparent during dental development at 4-8 months.

Breeding impact: While cosmetic dental issues may not impact a dog's health significantly, incorrect bites (overshot, undershot) are serious faults per the breed standard. Dogs with severe malocclusions should not be bred. Retained baby teeth should be removed before breeding to allow proper evaluation of adult dentition.

Color and Coat Genetics

The Silky Terrier's distinctive blue and tan coloration is one of the breed's defining characteristics, inherited from its Yorkshire Terrier ancestry. Understanding the genetics behind this coloration is essential for producing correct colors and avoiding health-linked color issues.

AKC Accepted Colors:

• Blue and tan
• Silver blue and tan
• Pigeon blue and tan
• Slate blue and tan

All accepted colors are variations of the blue and tan pattern, with "blue" being a diluted black. The shade of blue can range from silver to slate, with pigeon blue being an intermediate tone. Puppies are born black and tan, with the blue color developing over the first 18 months as the coat matures.

Disqualifying Colors:

• Solid colors (solid black, solid blue, solid tan)
• Any color other than blue and tan variations
• White markings
• Brindle

Genetic Loci Involved:

D (Dilution) locus: The dd genotype produces the blue dilution of black. All Silky Terriers are dd (homozygous for dilution), which is why the breed is universally blue and tan rather than black and tan.

A (Agouti) locus: The tan points pattern is controlled by the A locus. Silky Terriers are atat (tan points) or aya (sable with tan points expression). The atat genotype produces the classic tan points pattern seen on the head, chest, and legs.

E (Extension) locus: The E locus must allow expression of the A locus pattern. Silky Terriers are typically EE or Ee, allowing normal pigment extension.

K (Dominant Black) locus: The K locus must be kyky (non-black) to allow the tan points pattern to be visible. Dogs with KB (dominant black) would be solid colored, which is not accepted in the breed.

Breeding for Correct Color:

All Silky Terrier breeding stock should be phenotypically correct for color—blue and tan with proper distribution (blue on body, tan on head, chest, and legs). Breeding two correctly colored Silky Terriers together will produce correctly colored puppies, as all are homozygous for the key loci (dd, atat or aya, kyky).

Health-Linked Color Concerns:

Color dilution alopecia (CDA) is a potential concern with the dd genotype. CDA causes hair loss and skin problems in dilute-colored dogs (blue, fawn, etc.). While rare in Silky Terriers, breeders should be aware that the dd genotype carries this risk. Dogs showing signs of CDA (progressive hair loss, scaly skin, recurrent skin infections) should be removed from breeding programs.

Color Maturation:

Silky Terrier puppies are born black and tan. The blue color develops gradually as the coat matures, typically over the first 18 months of life. Initial evaluation at 8-10 weeks focuses on coat texture and color distribution pattern, while final color depth evaluation should wait until 6-8 months when the coat has begun to "clear" to blue.

DNA color testing is available for the D, A, E, and K loci, allowing breeders to confirm genotypes. However, phenotypic evaluation (visual assessment of color and pattern) remains the primary method for selecting breeding stock, as the breed's gene pool is consistent for these loci.

Selecting Silky Terrier Breeding Stock

Selecting superior breeding stock requires evaluating multiple factors: conformation to the breed standard, health clearances, temperament, pedigree, and genetic diversity. Each element contributes to producing healthy, sound, typey Silky Terriers.

Conformation Priorities:

Coat texture (highest priority): The coat must be silky, straight, and single—not woolly, cottony, or curly. This is the breed's most distinctive feature and must be prioritized. Run your hands through the coat—it should feel smooth and silky, not harsh or fluffy. Incorrect coat texture is extremely difficult to eliminate once introduced into a line.

Proper color distribution: Blue on the body from skull to tail, tan on the head, chest, and legs. Incorrect distribution (excessive tan creeping onto the body, faded blue) indicates deviation from correct genetics.

Compact structure with correct proportions: Slightly longer than tall (approximately 9:10 ratio), with a level topline and high tail set. Avoid long-backed, short-legged specimens or square, leggy dogs lacking the breed's distinctive profile.

Sound movement with proper angulation: Watch the dog move at a trot from the side, front, and rear. Movement should be free and effortless, with good reach and drive. Poor rear angulation is a common fault—look for well-bent stifles and short hocks.

Wedge-shaped head with keen expression: The head should be wedge-shaped when viewed from above and in profile, with dark, alert eyes and erect V-shaped ears. Light eyes detract from expression and are a serious fault.

Level topline with high tail set: The topline should be level in motion and at rest. A roached (arched) or soft (sagging) back is a structural fault.

Common Faults to Select Against:

• Woolly or cottony coat texture
• Incorrect color distribution or faded blue
• Light or yellow eyes
• Overshot or undershot bite
• Roached or soft back
• Poor rear angulation (straight stifles, long hocks)
• Shy or aggressive temperament

Temperament Evaluation:

Silky Terriers should exhibit typical terrier spirit—alert, spirited, curious, and confident—balanced with friendliness and responsiveness to people. They should be curious about new situations without fear or aggression.

Avoid breeding dogs with fear-based behaviors (excessive shyness, fear of novel stimuli) or aggressive tendencies (resource guarding, human aggression, dog aggression beyond normal terrier assertiveness). Temperament is heritable, and poor temperament undermines the breed's purpose as a companion dog.

Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI) Targets:

The average COI for Silky Terriers is approximately 8.5% (5-generation calculation). Responsible breeders should target a COI under 6.25% to maintain genetic diversity and reduce the risk of inherited disorders becoming concentrated.

Use pedigree analysis tools to calculate COI for planned breedings. While some line-breeding (moderate inbreeding) can fix desirable traits, excessive inbreeding increases the risk of genetic disease and reduces hybrid vigor.

Stud Selection Criteria:

When selecting a stud dog, prioritize:

1. Health clearances (eye, patellas minimum; additional tests as appropriate)
2. Conformation quality, particularly strengths that complement your female's weaknesses
3. Temperament (proven friendly, stable temperament)
4. Proven production record (if the stud has produced offspring, evaluate their quality)
5. Pedigree compatibility (outcross vs. line-breeding based on breeding goals)
6. Genetic diversity (COI calculation)

Stud fees for Silky Terriers typically range from $500-$800, depending on the stud dog's accomplishments, health clearances, and proven production record. Championship titles, performance titles, and health clearances typically command higher fees.

Show Quality vs. Breeding Quality:

Not all show champions are ideal breeding stock, and not all excellent breeding stock finish championships. Evaluate each dog on individual merit:

Show quality: Minimal faults, excellent presentation, correct breed type, meets the standard Breeding quality: Health clearances, proven genetic contribution (produces quality puppies), temperament, complements mate

Whelping and Neonatal Care

Most Silky Terriers whelp naturally without intervention, but the breed's toy size and small litter dynamics require vigilant monitoring. The 18% C-section rate indicates that while natural whelping is the norm, breeders must be prepared for potential complications.

Natural Whelping vs. C-Section:

Natural whelping is the recommended and most common method for Silky Terriers. However, several factors may necessitate C-section:

• Primary uterine inertia (failure to progress in labor)
• Obstructive dystocia (puppy too large to pass through birth canal)
• Fetal distress indicated by prolonged labor
• Single-puppy litters (may not trigger adequate labor hormones)
• First-time dams experiencing complications

Breed-Specific Whelping Complications:

Small litter sizes (averaging 4 puppies) may result in larger individual puppies, increasing the risk of dystocia. When only 2-3 puppies are present, each puppy can grow larger than average, creating a mismatch between puppy size and pelvic canal diameter.

First-time dams may require closer monitoring and support. Inexperienced dams may be less efficient at whelping and puppy care, requiring breeder intervention for tasks like membrane removal and cord cutting.

Toy breed size necessitates vigilant monitoring throughout whelping. A Silky Terrier dam weighing 8-10 pounds has little body reserve, and prolonged labor can lead to maternal exhaustion and hypoglycemia. Monitor temperature, provide nutritional support, and be prepared to intervene quickly if labor stalls.

Birth Weights and Daily Weight Gain:

Average birth weight for male puppies is approximately 3.5 oz; females average 3 oz. These are tiny newborns requiring careful monitoring.

Puppies should gain approximately 10% of body weight daily during the first week, tapering to 5-10% in subsequent weeks. Daily weighing is essential—failure to gain weight or weight loss indicates problems (inadequate milk supply, illness, environmental temperature issues).

Neonatal Care Specifics:

Maintain a whelping box temperature of 85-90°F for the first week, gradually decreasing to 75-80°F by week 4. Toy breed puppies have minimal body fat and cannot thermoregulate effectively.

Monitor for fading puppy syndrome—puppies that fail to thrive, don't nurse vigorously, or lose weight. Common causes include congenital defects, infections, inadequate milk supply, and hypothermia. Early intervention (supplemental feeding, veterinary care, warming) can save puppies.

Supplemental feeding may be necessary if the dam has inadequate milk supply or the litter size exceeds her nursing capacity. Use commercial puppy milk replacer, feeding every 2-3 hours around the clock for the first week.

Dewclaw Removal, Tail Docking, Ear Cropping:

The Silky Terrier breed standard does not call for dewclaw removal, tail docking, or ear cropping. Leave puppies natural—front dewclaws should remain, and tails should be left full length. Ears are naturally erect and require no cropping.

Puppy Development Milestones

Understanding Silky Terrier puppy development allows breeders to time interventions appropriately, from early neurological stimulation to structural evaluation to socialization.

Growth Curve:

Silky Terrier puppies are born weighing approximately 3-3.5 oz (males) or 3 oz (females). They grow rapidly during the first 12 weeks, reaching approximately 4.8 pounds (males) or 4.4 pounds (females) by 12 weeks of age. Adult weight of 8-10 pounds is typically achieved by 9-12 months.

The growth curve is steady and predictable, with daily weight checks during the neonatal period (0-2 weeks) being essential for identifying puppies failing to thrive.

Weekly Milestones:

Week 1-2 (Neonatal Period): Eyes and ears closed, puppies rely entirely on dam for warmth and nutrition. Daily weight gain should be consistent (10% daily). Minimal handling beyond health checks and early neurological stimulation.

Week 3 (Transitional Period): Eyes and ears open, puppies begin to interact with environment. Introduce gentle handling and novel stimuli. Begin early neurological stimulation protocols.

Week 4 (Socialization Begins): Puppies become mobile, explore environment, and begin play behavior. Introduce solid food (puppy mush) alongside nursing. Increase handling and exposure to household sounds.

Week 5-8 (Critical Socialization Window): Peak socialization period. Expose puppies to varied stimuli: different people (age, gender, appearance), other dogs, household sounds, different surfaces, gentle grooming. This period shapes lifelong temperament and confidence.

Week 8-10 (Go-Home Age): Puppies are ready for placement between 8-10 weeks. First vaccinations completed, health certificates obtained, AKC registration submitted. Final structural evaluation performed.

Weaning and Go-Home Age:

Begin introducing solid food at 3-4 weeks, with full weaning typically complete by 6-7 weeks. Gradual weaning reduces stress on dam and puppies.

Puppies should go to their new homes between 8-10 weeks of age. This allows completion of the critical early socialization period with the breeder while ensuring puppies are physically and behaviorally ready for transition.

Adult Size Achievement:

Silky Terriers reach their adult size relatively quickly for a toy breed, typically achieving full height by 9-12 months. However, full coat maturity (silky texture and blue color development) may take 18-24 months.

Structural Evaluation Timing:

Perform initial structural evaluation at 8-10 weeks for placement decisions (pet vs. show potential). At this age, evaluate overall proportions, head type, bite, coat texture, and movement.

Perform final structural evaluation at 6-8 months for coat development and color progression. The blue coat color is still developing at 8 weeks (puppies are black and tan at birth), so final color evaluation requires waiting until the coat begins clearing to blue.

Socialization Window:

The critical socialization period for puppies is 3-14 weeks. During this time, puppies form lasting impressions of the world. Positive, varied experiences during this period produce confident, well-adjusted adults. Continue socialization efforts through 6 months to reinforce early learning.

Expose puppies to:

• Different people (children, men, women, elderly, people with mobility aids)
• Other vaccinated dogs with known friendly temperaments
• Household sounds (vacuum, doorbell, TV, kitchen sounds)
• Car rides
• Grooming procedures (brushing, nail trimming, ear cleaning)
• Novel surfaces (grass, tile, carpet, gravel)

Silky Terrier Breeding Economics

Breeding Silky Terriers is a significant financial investment, with costs often exceeding revenue—particularly when accounting for the breeder's time, expertise, and facility overhead. Understanding the complete financial picture allows realistic planning and sustainable breeding programs.

Cost Breakdown (per litter, assuming natural whelping):

Health Testing (per breeding female): $160 for initial CHIC clearances (eye exam, patellar luxation), plus $85 annually for eye re-checks. Amortize this cost across multiple litters if breeding multiple times, but factor it into the first litter cost.

Stud Fee: $650 (average). This may include one repeat breeding if the first breeding does not result in pregnancy, but confirm terms with stud owner.

Progesterone Testing: $300 (average for 2-3 tests to pinpoint optimal breeding timing). Some females require more tests, increasing costs.

Prenatal Veterinary Care: $250, including confirmation ultrasound (around day 28), physical exams, and any necessary supplementation or medications.

Whelping Costs (Natural): $200, including supplies (whelping box, heating pad, puppy scale, towels, hemostats, etc.) and a veterinary exam post-whelping to ensure the dam is healthy.

Whelping Costs (C-Section): $2,500 (if required). Emergency C-sections cost more than planned procedures. Approximately 18% of Silky Terrier litters require C-section.

Puppy Veterinary Costs: $100 per puppy (first exam, first vaccinations, deworming, microchip). For an average litter of 4 puppies: $400 total.

Food and Supplies: $300 (increased dam food during pregnancy and lactation, puppy food from weaning to placement, bowls, toys, bedding).

AKC Litter Registration: $33 (one-time fee for registering the litter, plus individual registration fees for buyers).

Total Cost (Natural Whelping): Approximately $2,293 Total Cost (C-Section): Approximately $4,593

Revenue:

Average Puppy Price (Pet Quality): $1,200 Average Puppy Price (Show Quality): $2,500 Average Litter Size: 4 puppies

Assuming an average litter composition of 3 pet-quality puppies and 1 show-quality puppy: (3 × $1,200) + (1 × $2,500) = $6,100

Average Litter Revenue: Approximately $5,000 (assuming mixed pet/show quality)

Net Analysis:

Natural Whelping: $5,000 (revenue) - $2,293 (costs) = $2,707 net C-Section Whelping: $5,000 (revenue) - $4,593 (costs) = $407 net

These figures do NOT account for:

• Breeder's time (monitoring pregnancy, whelping, puppy care, socialization, buyer screening, lifetime support)
• Facility overhead (utilities, whelping space, exercise areas)
• Marketing and advertising costs
• Purchase price of the breeding female
• Show or performance costs to prove the female's quality
• Lost income if the female is not bred or produces a small litter or no puppies

When accounting for time and overhead, most responsible Silky Terrier breeders operate at a financial loss or minimal profit per litter. Breeding should be motivated by a commitment to improving and preserving the breed, not by profit expectations.

Breeder Resources

Connecting with the Silky Terrier breeding community and leveraging available resources is essential for continuous education and breed improvement.

Parent Club:

Silky Terrier Club of America (STCA): https://silkyterrier.net/

The STCA is the AKC-recognized parent club for the breed and serves as the authoritative resource for breed standards, health initiatives, breeder education, and national specialty shows. Membership provides access to:

• Breeder referral listings
• Health and genetics seminars
• National specialty show and supported entries
• Breeder mentor programs
• Online discussion groups

Regional Breed Clubs:

Multiple regional Silky Terrier clubs exist across the United States, providing local connections, training days, and specialty shows. Contact the STCA for a list of regional clubs in your area.

AKC Breeder Programs:

AKC Breeder of Merit: Recognizes breeders who demonstrate a commitment to breed improvement through health testing, continuing education, and ethical practices. Requirements include health testing per CHIC requirements, participation in AKC events, and AKC registration of all litters.

AKC Bred with H.E.A.R.T.: This program identifies breeders who meet high standards for health testing, education, accountability, responsibility, and tradition. Display of the Bred with H.E.A.R.T. seal signals buyer confidence.

Recommended Books:

• "The Complete Silky Terrier" by Peggy Smith: Comprehensive breed reference covering history, breed standard interpretation, and breeding
• "The Silky Terrier: An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet": Practical guide for breed-specific care and training

Online Communities:

• Silky Terrier Club of America Facebook Group: Active community for breeder networking, health discussions, and show results
• Silky Terrier Breeders and Owners Forum: Online forum for Q&A, breeding questions, and peer support

Health Databases:

• OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals): www.ofa.org - Repository for health testing results (patellar luxation, eye exams)
• CHIC (Canine Health Information Center): www.caninehealthinfo.org - Database tracking dogs that have completed recommended health testing

Frequently Asked Questions

How many puppies do Silky Terriers typically have?

Silky Terriers average 4 puppies per litter, with a typical range of 3-5 puppies. Litters of 2 or 6 puppies occur but are less common. This small litter size is characteristic of toy breeds and significantly impacts breeding economics, as each puppy represents a substantial portion of the litter's total value. Smaller litters (2-3 puppies) may result in larger individual puppies, increasing dystocia risk, while larger litters (6 puppies) may require supplemental feeding to ensure adequate nutrition for all.

Do Silky Terriers need C-sections?

Silky Terriers have an 18% C-section rate, meaning the majority (82%) whelp naturally. C-sections are not routinely planned for the breed, but breeders must be prepared for potential complications, particularly in first-time dams, small litters resulting in larger individual puppies, or signs of dystocia (prolonged labor, fetal distress). Having a veterinary plan in place before whelping, including a 24-hour emergency contact, is essential. The toy breed size requires closer monitoring than larger breeds, but most Silky Terriers deliver puppies without surgical intervention.

What health tests are required for breeding Silky Terriers?

CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) requirements for Silky Terriers include two tests: (1) Eye Examination by an ACVO-certified ophthalmologist (annual), screening for progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), cataracts, and other hereditary eye diseases; (2) Patellar Luxation Evaluation (one-time minimum), evaluating kneecap stability. Total estimated cost for initial CHIC clearances is $160, with annual eye exam costs of $85 thereafter. Additional recommended tests include Legg-Calve-Perthes X-ray ($200) and Bile Acids Test for liver shunt ($150).

How much does it cost to breed Silky Terriers?

Breeding a Silky Terrier litter costs approximately $2,293 for a natural whelping, including health testing ($160), stud fee ($650), progesterone testing ($300), prenatal care ($250), whelping supplies ($200), puppy vet care ($400 for 4 puppies), food and supplies ($300), and registration ($33). If a C-section is required (18% of litters), costs increase to approximately $4,593. These figures do not account for the breeder's time, facility overhead, or the purchase and proving of the breeding female. With average litter revenue of $5,000 (for 4 puppies at mixed pet/show pricing), net profit is modest at best—and negative when accounting for time and overhead.

At what age can you breed a Silky Terrier?

Female Silky Terriers should be at least 24 months old before their first breeding, allowing full physical and mental maturity and completion of all health clearances. Males should be at least 18 months old before being used at stud. While females typically experience their first heat between 6-12 months, breeding at this young age is not recommended. OFA requires a minimum age of 12 months for patellar luxation evaluation, but waiting until 24 months ensures the female has proven herself in conformation or performance and is mature enough for the demands of pregnancy and whelping.

How much do Silky Terrier puppies cost?

Pet-quality Silky Terrier puppies from health-tested parents typically cost $1,200, while show-quality puppies range from $2,000-$2,500. Prices vary based on the breeder's reputation, the parents' accomplishments (championships, performance titles), the extent of health testing, and regional demand. Puppies priced significantly below $1,000 should raise red flags about health testing, socialization, and breeder ethics. Responsible breeders invest substantial time and money in producing healthy, well-socialized puppies, which is reflected in pricing.

What are the most common health problems in Silky Terriers?

The most common hereditary conditions in Silky Terriers are: (1) Dental abnormalities (30% prevalence), including retained baby teeth and malocclusion; (2) Patellar luxation (25%), causing intermittent lameness and kneecap dislocation; (3) Cataracts (20%), leading to vision impairment; (4) Progressive retinal atrophy (15%), causing gradual vision loss and blindness; (5) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (12%), a hip condition affecting young dogs. While the breed is generally healthy, responsible breeding requires screening for these conditions and selecting breeding stock free of heritable disease.

Is breeding Silky Terriers profitable?

Breeding Silky Terriers responsibly is rarely profitable when accounting for all costs and the breeder's time. A litter with natural whelping costs approximately $2,293 and generates approximately $5,000 in revenue (4 puppies at mixed pricing), resulting in a net of $2,707. However, this does not account for the breeder's time (hundreds of hours for pregnancy monitoring, whelping, puppy care, socialization, buyer screening), facility overhead, the purchase and proving of the breeding female, or marketing costs. If a C-section is required (18% of litters), net profit drops to $407. Most responsible breeders operate at a break-even point or loss, motivated by love of the breed rather than profit.

How long does it take for a Silky Terrier's coat to turn blue?

Silky Terrier puppies are born black and tan, with the blue color developing gradually over the first 18 months of life. The coat begins "clearing" (lightening from black to blue) around 6-8 months, with full color maturity typically achieved by 18-24 months. The rate and final shade of blue vary by individual and bloodline—some dogs clear to a lighter silver blue, while others mature to a darker slate blue. Both are acceptable per the breed standard. Breeders cannot accurately predict final coat color at 8 weeks (placement age) but can assess color distribution pattern and coat texture, which are more important for breeding decisions.

What is the difference between a Silky Terrier and a Yorkshire Terrier?

While Silky Terriers were developed using Yorkshire Terrier genetics, the breeds are distinct. Silky Terriers are larger (9-10 inches, 8-10 lbs) than Yorkshire Terriers (7-8 inches, under 7 lbs) and have a more substantial, terrier-like build reflecting their Australian Terrier heritage. Silky Terriers have a single, silky coat that is trimmed short, while Yorkshire Terriers have a long, flowing coat that reaches the floor. Temperamentally, Silkies retain more working terrier character—bolder, more active, and more assertive—while Yorkies tend toward a companion-oriented temperament. Both breeds share the blue and tan coloration, but the shades and distribution differ slightly.

How do you maintain a Silky Terrier's coat texture in a breeding program?

Coat texture is the most important breeding priority in Silky Terriers—the coat must be silky, straight, and single, never woolly, cottony, or curly. Maintaining correct texture requires rigorous selection: only breed dogs with correct silky texture, and ruthlessly eliminate incorrect textures from breeding programs. Woolly or cottony coats indicate genetic deviation and are extremely difficult to eliminate once introduced. When evaluating breeding stock, physically examine the coat by running your hands through it—correct coat feels smooth and silky, not harsh, fluffy, or dense. Coat texture can be assessed at 8-10 weeks in puppies, though final texture evaluation should occur at 6-8 months as the adult coat develops.

Should I breed my Silky Terrier if she only has Grade 1 patellar luxation?

This is a nuanced decision that depends on breeding philosophy, the overall quality of the female, and the patella status of the intended mate and their relatives. Patellar luxation is polygenic, meaning multiple genes contribute, and even dogs with normal patellas can produce affected offspring if the genetics are present in the line. Some breeders maintain a strict "normal patellas only" policy, while others accept Grade 1 (mild) luxation in otherwise exceptional individuals, particularly when bred to a male with normal patellas from a line with consistently good patellas. If considering breeding a Grade 1 female, evaluate the patellas of her parents, siblings, and previous offspring (if any), and the stud dog's family history. Transparency with puppy buyers about patella status is essential.