Breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers

Complete Guide for Responsible Breeders

Breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers requires exceptional dedication to health testing and genetic diversity management, particularly given the breed's serious protein-losing diseases (PLN and PLE) that affect 10-15% of the population. This guide provides comprehensive, data-backed strategies for responsible Wheaten breeding programs focused on preserving the breed's unique soft, silky coat while prioritizing kidney and gastrointestinal health through rigorous annual screening protocols.

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Breed Overview

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier has been traced back at least 200 years in Ireland, with records of numerous Wheatens in County Kerry as far back as 1785. This "poor man's Wolfhound" served as an all-purpose farm dog for Irish tenant farmers, valued for herding cattle and sheep, destroying vermin, guarding the household, and hunting small game, badgers, and otters. Only wealthy landowners could own dogs over 19 inches tall or with whole tails, so the Wheaten developed as a smaller, docked breed affordable to common farmers.

Despite its long history, the breed was not recognized by the Irish Kennel Club until 1937. The Wheaten was admitted to the AKC Stud Book on May 1, 1973, and became eligible to compete in the Terrier Group on October 3, 1973. The breed currently ranks 62nd in AKC popularity with stable registration trends. The parent club, the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America (SCWTCA), maintains a comprehensive health database and has been at the forefront of research into the breed's unique health challenges, particularly the protein-losing diseases.

Breed Standard Summary for Breeders

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier is a medium-sized, hardy, well-balanced sporting terrier, square in outline. The breed is distinguished by its soft, silky, gently waving coat of warm wheaten color and a particularly steady disposition. The Wheaten should appear as an alert and happy animal, graceful, strong, and well-coordinated.

Size specifications:

Males: 18-19 inches at the withers, 35-40 pounds

Females: 17-18 inches at the withers, 30-35 pounds

Disqualifications that eliminate breeding stock:

• Yellow or light eyes (a serious pigmentation issue)
• Any nose color other than solid black
• Undershot or overshot bite
• Any color other than wheaten

Serious faults affecting breeding decisions:

• Dogs under 18 inches or over 19 inches; bitches under 17 inches or over 18 inches (size is tightly defined in this breed)
• Woolly, harsh, crisp, cottony, frizzy, kinky, or stand-away coat (coat texture is paramount)
• Overly trimmed coat (the Wheaten should present naturally)
• Timid or overly aggressive temperament
• Failure to maintain erect tail when moving

Key structural priorities for breeding stock:

The square outline and balanced proportions are foundational. Correct coat texture — soft, silky, gently waving — is the breed's hallmark and must be prioritized above all other cosmetic traits. A level topline, deep chest with proper rib spring, and moderate, balanced angulation front and rear support the breed's original working function. Sound movement with erect tail carriage distinguishes quality breeding stock. Above all, the steady, happy, confident temperament that defines the breed must never be compromised for cosmetic qualities.

Reproductive Profile

Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers have an average litter size of 5 puppies, with typical litter sizes ranging from 4 to 8 puppies. The breed's C-section rate is 18%, which is moderate for a medium-sized terrier and reflects the breed's generally proportionate structure and natural whelping ability. The vast majority of Wheaten litters are whelped naturally without surgical intervention.

Breed-specific fertility considerations:

Irregular heat cycles have been reported in some Wheaten lines, which can complicate breeding timing and require careful progesterone monitoring to determine optimal breeding windows. False pregnancies can occur and should be distinguished from true pregnancy through ultrasound confirmation at 28-30 days post-breeding.

The most significant reproductive consideration is that protein-losing conditions (PLN/PLE) may affect fertility and pregnancy viability. Dams with subclinical or early-stage protein loss may experience pregnancy complications, poor puppy development, or difficulty maintaining condition during lactation. This is why annual biochemical screening is mandatory for all breeding stock — breeders must confirm normal kidney and liver function, normal albumin and protein levels, and a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) under 0.5 before every breeding.

Artificial insemination suitability:

Natural breeding is preferred when possible, but fresh AI is commonly used when natural breeding is not feasible due to geographic distance, stud dog preference, or behavioral issues. Frozen AI is viable with proper timing via progesterone testing. Given the potential for irregular cycles in some lines, progesterone testing is recommended for all AI breedings and advisable even for natural breedings to maximize conception rates.

Breeding Age and Timeline

Female Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers typically experience their first heat cycle between 7 and 10 months of age. However, the recommended first breeding age is 24 months for females, after all health clearances (including OFA hip evaluation at 24+ months) are complete and the bitch has demonstrated normal biochemical profiles over at least two annual screenings.

Males should be at least 18 to 24 months before being used at stud, after preliminary hip clearances (PennHIP can be done earlier, or OFA preliminary) and all other health tests are complete, including PLN genetic testing and at least one annual biochemical profile showing normal kidney and liver function.

OFA certification minimum age: 24 months for final hip certification.

Retirement guidelines:

The maximum recommended number of litters per female is 5, with breeding retirement typically occurring between 6 and 8 years of age. However, these are guidelines, not absolute limits. Dams should be retired earlier if they show any signs of declining health, particularly any indicators of protein-losing diseases, or if they have difficulty maintaining condition during pregnancy and lactation. Some healthy, well-maintained dams may continue breeding past 6 years if they remain in excellent health, but annual biochemical monitoring becomes even more critical as the risk window for PLN/PLE onset (mean age 4.7-6.3 years) overlaps with prime breeding years.

Complete breeding timeline:

1. 18-24 months: Complete all health testing (hips, eyes, PLN genetic test, annual biochemical profile). Males can be used at stud once testing is complete.
2. 24 months: Females eligible for first breeding after OFA hip certification and verified normal health screenings.
3. Annual: Repeat eye exams every 2 years; repeat biochemical profiles (CBC, urinalysis, UPC) annually for all breeding stock throughout their breeding careers.
4. Before every breeding: Confirm current normal biochemical profile (within 6 months) and overall good health.
5. 6-8 years: Typical breeding retirement age for females; males may continue longer if health remains excellent.

Wheaten Terrier Health Testing Requirements

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier has one of the most comprehensive health testing protocols of any AKC breed due to the prevalence of serious protein-losing diseases. All four tests below are required for CHIC certification, and ethical breeders consider them non-negotiable prerequisites for breeding.

CHIC required tests:

Hip Dysplasia (OFA or PennHIP) — Screens for hip joint abnormalities and dysplasia. OFA requires a minimum age of 24 months for permanent certification; PennHIP can be performed earlier but is typically done at 2+ years for breeding evaluations. One-time test. Estimated cost: $250

Eye Examination by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist (CAER) — Screens for hereditary eye diseases including cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and retinal dysplasia. Must be repeated every 2 years throughout the breeding career. Estimated cost: $75 per exam

PLN Variant Gene Test (DNA) — Screens for genetic variants associated with protein-losing nephropathy in the KIRREL2 and NPHS1 genes. This is a one-time DNA test. While the test identifies high-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk genotypes, it does not detect all cases (PLN has incomplete penetrance), making annual biochemical monitoring essential even for low-risk dogs. Estimated cost: $125

Annual Biochemical Profile (CBC, Urinalysis, Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio) — The cornerstone of Wheaten health testing. This panel screens for early signs of PLN, PLE, kidney and liver dysfunction, and general health issues before clinical signs appear. Must be performed annually on all breeding stock throughout their breeding careers. Results should show normal albumin, total protein, kidney values (BUN, creatinine), liver enzymes, and a UPC ratio under 0.5. Any abnormalities require immediate veterinary evaluation and removal from breeding until resolved. Estimated cost: $200 per year

Total estimated cost per breeding dog: $650 for initial testing (hips, first eye exam, PLN DNA, first annual profile), plus $200 per year thereafter for annual biochemical monitoring and $75 every two years for eye re-certification. Over a 4-year breeding career, expect approximately $1,500-$1,700 in testing costs per dog.

Additional recommended tests:

While not required for CHIC, responsible Wheaten breeders also consider these tests:

• Cardiac Evaluation (OFA): Screens for congenital and acquired heart diseases. Cost: ~$100
• Degenerative Myelopathy (DNA): Screens for progressive spinal cord disease (autosomal recessive). Cost: ~$75
• Paroxysmal Dyskinesia (DNA): Screens for episodic movement disorder. Cost: ~$75
• Microphthalmia Syndrome (DNA): Screens for eye development abnormalities. Cost: ~$75
• Brucellosis Testing: Before every breeding to screen for bacterial infection causing infertility and abortion. Cost: ~$75

Hereditary Health Conditions

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier faces unique and serious health challenges that must be at the forefront of every breeding decision. The protein-losing diseases (PLN and PLE) are the most significant concerns in the breed, each affecting 10-15% of the population. These conditions have driven the SCWTCA's mandatory annual screening requirements and extensive research efforts.

Protein-Losing Nephropathy (PLN):

Prevalence: 10-15% of the breed

Inheritance mode: Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance, involving the KIRREL2 and NPHS1 genes. A DNA test is available that identifies high-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk genotypes based on these two genes. However, the test does not predict all cases — dogs with low-risk genotypes can still develop PLN (incomplete penetrance), and high-risk dogs may remain healthy. This is why annual biochemical screening is mandatory regardless of genetic test results.

Clinical signs: Protein loss in urine (proteinuria) is the earliest detectable sign, often before any clinical symptoms appear. As the disease progresses, dogs develop hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), weight loss, lethargy, ascites (fluid in the abdomen), pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs), and azotemia (elevated kidney values) in advanced cases. Prognosis is poor once clinical signs appear, with most affected dogs succumbing within months to 1-2 years of diagnosis.

Age of onset: Mean age is 6.3 years, with a range of 2-10 years. This overlaps significantly with prime breeding years, which is why annual monitoring throughout the breeding career is essential.

Breeding implications: Avoid breeding two high-risk genetic carriers. However, because the genetic test is incomplete, all breeding stock must have annual normal biochemical profiles (normal albumin, total protein, and UPC under 0.5) to confirm they are not developing subclinical disease. Any dog showing proteinuria or declining albumin must be immediately removed from breeding and undergo full veterinary workup.

Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE):

Prevalence: 10-15% of the breed

Inheritance mode: Familial predisposition documented, but the exact mode of inheritance is unknown. No DNA test is currently available. PLE involves inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal protein loss.

Clinical signs: Chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, panhypoproteinemia (low total protein and albumin), hypocholesterolemia (low cholesterol — opposite of PLN), and pleural or peritoneal effusions. Intestinal lesions include inflammatory bowel disease, dilated lymphatics, and lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. PLE is challenging to manage and often has a guarded to poor prognosis.

Age of onset: Mean age is 4.7 years, with a range of 1-8 years.

Breeding implications: Because there is no genetic test, pedigree analysis and annual biochemical screening are the only tools. Avoid breeding dogs from lines with high PLE incidence. The annual biochemical profile can detect early protein loss, though distinguishing PLE from PLN requires further diagnostics (intestinal biopsy vs kidney assessment). Any dog showing protein loss or gastrointestinal signs should be removed from breeding.

Addison's Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism):

Prevalence: Moderate; Wheatens have a documented breed predisposition.

Inheritance mode: Likely polygenic or complex; exact mode unknown. No DNA test available.

Clinical signs: Weakness, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, increased thirst and urination, and collapse. Electrolyte imbalances (low sodium, high potassium) are diagnostic. Dogs can present as an acute Addisonian crisis, which is life-threatening. With appropriate lifelong treatment (oral steroids and mineralocorticoids), most dogs live normal lifespans.

Age of onset: Typically young to middle-aged adults, 2-7 years.

Breeding implications: Avoid breeding affected dogs and closely related dogs to affected individuals. Pedigree analysis can help identify high-risk lines.

Renal Dysplasia:

Prevalence: Rare to moderate; documented in the breed.

Inheritance mode: Hereditary; exact mode unknown. No DNA test available.

Clinical signs: Developmental abnormality of the kidneys, leading to reduced kidney function, polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), failure to thrive in puppies, azotemia (elevated kidney values), and poor body condition. Typically manifests early in life.

Age of onset: Puppies to young dogs (under 2 years).

Breeding implications: Do not breed affected dogs. Screen related dogs carefully and consider kidney function testing in young dogs from affected lines.

Degenerative Myelopathy:

Prevalence: Low; carriers have been identified in the breed.

Inheritance mode: Autosomal recessive (SOD1 gene). DNA test available.

Clinical signs: Progressive hind limb weakness and ataxia, eventual paralysis. Painless, affects older dogs.

Age of onset: Typically 8-14 years.

Breeding implications: Avoid breeding two carriers (at-risk dogs) to prevent producing affected puppies. One carrier can be bred to a clear dog, producing carriers but no affected dogs.

Paroxysmal Dyskinesia:

Prevalence: Low; present in the breed.

Inheritance mode: Autosomal recessive (PIGN gene). DNA test available.

Clinical signs: Episodic muscle contractions, hypertonicity, abnormal postures, and difficulty walking during episodes. Episodes are triggered by stress, excitement, or exercise but resolve on their own.

Age of onset: Typically young dogs (under 3 years).

Breeding implications: Avoid breeding two carriers. Affected dogs should not be bred.

Color and Coat Genetics

Color genetics in the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier are straightforward, which is both a blessing and a responsibility. The breed has a single accepted color — any shade of wheaten, from pale wheaten to golden reddish wheaten. Any color other than wheaten is a disqualification, making color selection simple but leaving no room for breeding dogs with off-colors.

Accepted colors:

• Any shade of wheaten (pale wheaten to golden reddish wheaten)

Disqualifying colors:

• Any color other than wheaten

Relevant genetic loci:

A-Locus (Agouti): Wheatens are typically ay/ay (fawn/wheaten genotype), which produces the warm wheaten color across the coat.

B-Locus (Brown): Controls black vs brown pigment. Wheatens should have black noses and dark pigmentation. Dogs with b/b genotype (chocolate/brown pigment) would have brown noses and poor pigmentation, which is undesirable and potentially disqualifying (any nose color other than solid black is a DQ).

E-Locus (Extension): Wheatens are typically E/E or E/e, allowing full expression of the wheaten color.

G-Locus (Progressive Graying): This locus can influence whether ears and muzzle darken with age or remain lighter. Some Wheatens are born with darker ears/masks that lighten to wheaten as they mature.

C-Locus (Chinchilla/Pale Color): The c/ch genotype is associated with pale wheaten color and poor pigmentation, including light noses ("winter nose" where the nose fades seasonally) and potentially light or yellow eyes. Since yellow or light eyes are a disqualification, breeders must avoid pairing dogs with poor pigmentation. Select for dark eyes and solid black noses across all seasons.

Health-linked color issues:

Pale wheaten dogs with poor pigment (potentially c/ch genotype) may exhibit "winter nose" (nose pigment fading to brown or pink in winter) and are at higher risk of light or yellow eyes, which is a disqualifying fault. While a small amount of nose fading may be cosmetically tolerated by some judges, breeders should select against this trait to maintain correct pigmentation and avoid producing dogs with light eyes.

Color complexity tier: Low. The breed is a single color, so there are no complex color pairings to calculate. However, breeders must select strongly for correct wheaten shade and excellent dark pigmentation (black nose, dark eyes) to avoid pigmentation faults.

Selecting Breeding Stock

Selecting breeding stock for a Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier program requires balancing health, temperament, coat quality, and conformation — in that order. Health testing is non-negotiable, temperament defines the breed, coat texture is the breed's signature, and correct conformation ensures soundness and breed type.

Conformation priorities:

1. Square outline and balanced structure: The Wheaten should be equal in length from point of shoulder to point of buttocks as from withers to ground. This square outline is fundamental to breed type and sound movement.

2. Correct soft, silky, wavy coat texture: The coat is the breed's hallmark. It must be soft and silky to the touch, with a gentle wave. Woolly, cottony, harsh, crisp, frizzy, kinky, or stand-away coats are serious faults. A breeder should be able to run their hand through a Wheaten's coat and feel the silk. This texture cannot be faked or groomed into a dog — it is genetic. Prioritize this trait above color shade or cosmetic trimming.

3. Proper wheaten color without excessive white or dark markings: Any shade of wheaten is acceptable, from pale to golden reddish. Dark shading on the ears and muzzle is common in young dogs and typically clears as the dog matures (full wheaten coat color is not achieved until 2+ years). Avoid dogs with excessive white markings or colors other than wheaten.

4. Sound movement with level topline and erect tail carriage: Wheatens should move freely and effortlessly with a level topline and tail carried erect (but not over the back). Tail carriage is evaluated when the dog is moving; failure to maintain erect tail carriage when moving is a serious fault.

5. Deep chest with proper rib spring: The chest should reach at least to the elbows. Proper rib spring provides heart and lung room and contributes to the breed's stamina.

6. Moderate, balanced angulation front and rear: Wheatens are moderate in angulation — neither over-angulated nor straight. Balanced front and rear angulation produces the efficient, ground-covering movement required for an all-purpose working terrier.

7. Correct head type with proper proportions and dark eyes: The head should be rectangular and in proportion to the body. Eyes must be dark (dark reddish brown or brown). Light or yellow eyes are a disqualification and must be avoided in breeding stock.

8. Steady, happy, confident temperament: The Wheaten is known for its exuberant, friendly greeting behavior (the "Wheaten greetin'") but should be fundamentally stable, confident, and happy. Timid or aggressive temperament is a serious fault.

Common faults to select against:

• Woolly, cottony, or harsh coat texture
• Light or yellow eyes
• Over or under size (males under 18" or over 19", females under 17" or over 18")
• Poor tail carriage (not erect when moving)
• Long back or lack of square outline
• Excessive trimming or sculpting (the Wheaten should be presented naturally)
• Timid or aggressive temperament
• Poor pigmentation (light nose, light eyes)

Temperament evaluation:

Assess for steady, happy, confident temperament. Avoid timid or aggressive dogs. The Wheaten should be friendly, outgoing, and stable. Evaluate response to novel stimuli, interaction with strangers, and general demeanor. The breed is known for exuberant greeting behavior (the "Wheaten greetin'" — enthusiastic jumping and excitement when greeting people) but should settle and not be hyperactive or nervous. A good Wheaten is a joyful, confident dog that loves people without being anxious or reactive.

Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI) management:

The average COI in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers is approximately 6.5%, which is moderate. The target COI for individual breedings should be under 2.0% (calculated over 10 generations). Given the prevalence of serious recessive health conditions (PLN, PLE, degenerative myelopathy, paroxysmal dyskinesia) and the relatively small gene pool, maintaining genetic diversity is critical. Use the SCWTCA Wheaten Health & Pedigree Database (scwtdb.org) to calculate COI and research health history in pedigrees before breeding.

Stud selection criteria:

Stud dogs should have all required health clearances (hips, eyes, PLN genetic test showing low-risk or intermediate-risk status, and current normal annual biochemical profile). Ideally, studs should come from lines with low incidence of PLN, PLE, and Addison's disease. Evaluate coat texture, temperament, movement, and overall conformation. Stud fees typically range from $1,000 to $2,000, depending on the stud's titles, health testing, and proven production record.

Show vs. breeding quality distinctions:

Show-quality Wheatens excel in coat texture, movement, balance, and presence. Breeding-quality dogs may have minor cosmetic faults (slightly off size, less-than-ideal coat color shade, cosmetic trimming evidence) but must have excellent health testing, correct temperament, and sound structure. A dog with a serious fault (woolly coat, light eyes, poor temperament) should never be bred, regardless of other qualities.

Whelping and Neonatal Care

Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers typically whelp naturally without complications, thanks to their medium size, proportionate build, and moderate litter sizes. The breed's C-section rate of 18% is moderate for a terrier and reflects occasional complications rather than a structural tendency toward dystocia.

Natural whelping vs. C-section:

Natural whelping is the norm and recommended approach for Wheatens. Planned C-sections are not standard practice in the breed unless there is a specific medical indication (known pelvic abnormality, singleton puppy, history of dystocia in the dam, or maternal distress during labor).

Breed-specific whelping complications:

Irregular heat cycles: Some Wheaten lines have irregular heat cycles, which can complicate breeding timing. If ovulation timing was not precisely determined via progesterone testing, whelping dates may be uncertain, leading to premature intervention or missed early labor signs. Always use progesterone testing to pinpoint ovulation and calculate accurate whelping dates.

Protein-losing conditions (PLN/PLE): Dams with subclinical or early-stage protein loss may experience pregnancy complications, difficulty maintaining condition, or poor milk production. This is why the annual biochemical profile must be current (within 6 months) and normal before breeding. Monitor pregnant dams closely for any signs of weight loss, edema, or declining condition.

False pregnancy: False pregnancies have been reported in some Wheaten lines. Confirm pregnancy via ultrasound at 28-30 days post-breeding to distinguish true pregnancy from false pregnancy.

Dystocia: While not common, dystocia can occur in any breed. Monitor labor progress closely. If active labor does not produce a puppy within 2 hours, or if there is more than 4 hours of rest between puppies with more puppies expected (confirmed via ultrasound or X-ray), contact your veterinarian immediately.

Expected birth weights:

Male puppies: 10-14 ounces

Female puppies: 8-12 ounces

Puppies significantly smaller than this range (under 8 ounces) may be at higher risk for fading puppy syndrome and require supplemental feeding and close monitoring. Puppies significantly larger than this range (over 16 ounces) may indicate a small litter or possible dystocia risk.

Daily weight gain targets:

Healthy Wheaten puppies should gain 5-10% of their birth weight per day during the first two weeks. A 12-ounce puppy should gain approximately 0.6-1.2 ounces per day. Weigh puppies daily at the same time and track weight gain. Puppies that fail to gain weight or lose weight are at risk of fading and require immediate intervention (supplemental feeding, veterinary examination to rule out cleft palate or other congenital issues, and warming if hypothermic).

Fading puppy risk factors:

Low birth weight (under 8 ounces), failure to nurse vigorously, hypothermia (rectal temperature below 95°F in the first week), and respiratory distress are red flags. Fading puppy syndrome can result from congenital defects, infections, maternal neglect, or environmental factors. Early intervention is critical.

Supplemental feeding:

If puppies are not gaining adequate weight or if the dam has a large litter and insufficient milk production, supplement with a high-quality puppy milk replacer. Tube feeding may be necessary for very weak puppies, but bottle feeding is preferred for puppies with a strong suck reflex.

Dewclaw removal, tail docking, and ear cropping practices:

Dewclaw removal: Front dewclaws are typically removed at 3-5 days of age in Wheatens for cosmetic reasons and to prevent injury. Rear dewclaws, if present, are also removed. This is a breeder decision and is performed by a veterinarian.

Tail docking: NOT performed. The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier has a natural, undocked tail. Historically, working farm Wheatens in Ireland had docked tails due to tax laws (only wealthy landowners could have dogs with whole tails), but the modern breed standard calls for an undocked tail carried erect when moving.

Ear cropping: NOT performed. Wheatens have natural, uncropped ears.

Puppy Development Milestones

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies develop steadily from birth through maturity, reaching full adult size between 12 and 18 months of age. Unlike giant breeds that grow rapidly and are prone to developmental orthopedic disease, Wheatens have a moderate growth rate that allows for steady skeletal development.

Weekly milestones and growth targets:

Week 0 (Birth): Males average 10-14 ounces (0.75 lbs), females average 8-12 ounces (0.625 lbs). Puppies should nurse within the first few hours and begin gaining weight immediately.

Week 2: Males approximately 2 lbs, females approximately 1.75 lbs. Eyes and ears begin to open around 10-14 days. Puppies become more mobile and begin to interact with littermates.

Week 4: Males approximately 3.5 lbs, females approximately 3 lbs. Weaning process begins. Puppies are introduced to solid food (moistened puppy food). Socialization to human handling intensifies.

Week 6: Males approximately 7 lbs, females approximately 6.5 lbs. Puppies are actively playing, exploring, and developing bite inhibition through play with littermates. First DHPP vaccination typically administered at 6-8 weeks.

Week 8: Males approximately 12.5 lbs, females approximately 11.5 lbs. This is the typical go-home age for pet puppies. Puppies should be fully weaned, eating solid food, and well-socialized to household sounds, people, and gentle handling.

Week 10: Males approximately 16 lbs, females approximately 15 lbs. Show prospects may remain with the breeder for further evaluation and socialization. Second DHPP vaccination administered.

Week 12: Males approximately 19 lbs, females approximately 17.5 lbs. By this age, coat texture and color are becoming more apparent, though full wheaten color and adult coat texture will not develop until 18-24+ months.

Socialization window:

The critical socialization window is 3-14 weeks of age. During this period, puppies should be exposed to a wide variety of people (men, women, children, people of different ethnicities, people in hats/uniforms), household sounds (vacuum, TV, doorbells, kitchen noises), gentle handling, and novel surfaces and objects. Positive experiences during this window help produce confident, well-adjusted adult dogs. Poor socialization or traumatic experiences during this window can lead to fearfulness or anxiety.

Fear periods:

Puppies go through fear periods during development, typically around 8-10 weeks and again around 6-14 months. During fear periods, puppies may become suddenly fearful of previously accepted stimuli. Avoid traumatic experiences during these periods and provide calm, positive reinforcement for confident behavior.

Weaning and go-home age:

Weaning begins around 5-6 weeks and should be complete by 8 weeks. The recommended go-home age for pet puppies is 8-10 weeks. Show prospects may stay with the breeder until 10-12 weeks or longer for further evaluation and conditioning.

Adult size achievement:

Wheatens reach full adult size (height and weight) between 12 and 18 months of age. However, coat maturity takes much longer. The full adult coat — soft, silky, wheaten in color — does not fully develop until 18-24+ months of age. Young Wheatens often have darker ears and muzzle that lighten as the coat matures.

Structural evaluation timing:

Initial puppy evaluation for show potential occurs at 8-10 weeks, assessing general structure, movement, coat texture (though still puppyish), and temperament. More definitive evaluation occurs at 6-8 months, when the puppy has gone through significant growth and structural proportions are more apparent. Final evaluation for breeding potential should wait until 18-24 months, after the dog has finished growing and the adult coat has developed.

Wheaten Terrier Breeding Economics

Breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers responsibly is a significant financial commitment due to the breed's extensive annual health testing requirements. While Wheaten puppies command moderate prices ($1,800 for pet quality, $2,500 for show quality), the ongoing costs of annual biochemical screening and biennial eye exams add considerably to the lifetime cost of maintaining breeding stock.

Complete cost breakdown for one litter (5 puppies):

Health testing (both parents): $1,300

This includes initial hip clearances ($250 × 2), PLN genetic test ($125 × 2), eye exams ($75 × 2), and current annual biochemical profiles ($200 × 2). Note that eye exams must be repeated every 2 years and biochemical profiles must be repeated annually throughout the breeding careers of both dogs, so this is an ongoing cost, not a one-time expense.

Stud fee: $1,500

Average stud fee for a health-tested, titled Wheaten with clear lines. Stud fees range from $1,000 to $2,000 depending on the stud's accomplishments and health testing.

Progesterone testing: $300

4-6 tests at $50-75 each to pinpoint ovulation timing, especially important given the potential for irregular heat cycles in some Wheaten lines.

Prenatal care (ultrasound, vet visits): $350

Ultrasound confirmation of pregnancy at 28-30 days ($150-200), follow-up vet visit and X-ray to count puppies at 55+ days ($150-200).

Whelping supplies: $250

Whelping box, heating pad/heat lamp, scale, thermometer, puppy milk replacer, towels, blankets, cleaning supplies. These are largely one-time purchases that can be used for multiple litters, but budget for replacement and restocking.

Puppy veterinary care (5 puppies): $750

$150 per puppy for dewclaw removal at 3-5 days ($50), first DHPP vaccination at 6-8 weeks ($50), second DHPP vaccination at 10-12 weeks if puppies are still with the breeder ($50), and veterinary health exam and health certificate for go-home ($50). Some breeders send puppies home after the first vaccination, reducing per-puppy vet costs to approximately $100.

Food and supplements: $400

High-quality puppy food for the litter from weaning through go-home (6-10 weeks), plus increased food for the dam during pregnancy and lactation. Calcium and other supplements for the dam as needed.

AKC registration and microchips: $200

AKC litter registration ($25-50), individual puppy registration ($25-35 per puppy), and microchips ($10-20 per puppy).

Total costs (natural whelping): Approximately $4,950

Total costs (C-section): Approximately $6,700

If a C-section is required (18% of litters), add approximately $1,750-2,000 for emergency or planned C-section, increasing total costs to around $6,700.

Revenue:

Average puppy price (pet quality): $1,800

Average puppy price (show/breeding quality): $2,500

Average litter revenue (5 puppies, all pet pricing): $9,000

Net analysis:

With natural whelping and 5 pet-quality puppies: $9,000 (revenue) - $4,950 (costs) = $4,050 net profit

With C-section and 5 pet-quality puppies: $9,000 (revenue) - $6,700 (costs) = $2,300 net profit

Reality check:

These numbers assume average litter size (5 puppies), all puppies surviving to placement, and no complications. Smaller litters (3-4 puppies) significantly reduce revenue. Puppy losses, dam health complications, or repeat breedings due to missed conception can eliminate profit entirely. Additionally, ongoing annual health testing costs ($200 per dog per year for biochemical profiles, plus $75 every 2 years for eye exams) accumulate over the dog's breeding career and should be factored into the long-term economics.

Responsible Wheaten breeders are not in this for profit. The goal is to break even while producing healthy, well-socialized puppies that improve the breed and come from health-tested, carefully selected parents. The annual biochemical screening required in this breed makes it more expensive to maintain breeding stock than most other breeds.

Breeder Resources

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier community is exceptionally organized around health research and data sharing, thanks to the serious health challenges facing the breed. New breeders are strongly encouraged to connect with the parent club and utilize the breed-specific health database.

Parent club:

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America (SCWTCA) — The SCWTCA maintains a comprehensive website with health information, breeder referral, breed education, and access to the Wheaten Health & Pedigree Database. The club has been a leader in funding and promoting research into PLN, PLE, and other breed-specific health conditions.

Wheaten Health & Pedigree Database:

SCWTCA Wheaten Health & Pedigree Database (scwtdb.org) — This database is an invaluable resource for breeders, containing pedigrees, health test results, and health survey data submitted by owners and breeders. Use this database to research pedigrees, calculate COI, and identify health trends in specific lines before breeding.

Regional clubs:

There are several regional Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier clubs throughout the United States. These clubs offer local specialty shows, educational events, and mentorship opportunities. Check the SCWTCA website for a list of regional clubs.

AKC Breeder Programs:

• AKC Breeder of Merit — Recognizes breeders who demonstrate a commitment to health testing, continuing education, and adherence to the breed standard.
• AKC Bred with H.E.A.R.T. — Emphasizes Health, Education, Accountability, Responsibility, and Tradition. Requires health testing on all breeding stock and participation in AKC events.

Recommended books:

• The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier: A Complete and Comprehensive Owners Guide
• The New Complete Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier by Maureen Holmes
• The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America's The Complete Wheaten Terrier

Online communities:

• SCWTCA Wheaten Health & Pedigree Database (scwtdb.org) — Health data and pedigree research tool
• Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Club of America Facebook Group — Community discussion, education, and networking
• Regional Wheaten Terrier club groups — Local clubs often have Facebook groups or email lists for members

Mentorship:

The SCWTCA strongly encourages new breeders to seek mentorship from experienced Wheaten breeders. A good mentor can guide you through health testing interpretation, pedigree analysis, whelping preparation, puppy evaluation, and navigating the breed's unique health challenges. Contact the SCWTCA for breeder referral and mentorship connections.

Related breed guides: Breeders of medium-sized terriers may find our guides to the Miniature Schnauzer and West Highland White Terrier helpful for comparing terrier-specific health testing protocols, litter sizes, and breeding economics.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many puppies do Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers typically have?

Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers have an average litter size of 5 puppies, with typical litters ranging from 4 to 8 puppies. The most common litter size is 5 puppies (30% of litters), followed by 6 puppies (25%) and 4 puppies (20%). Litters of 3 or fewer puppies occur in about 10% of breedings, while litters of 7-8 puppies are less common (10-15% combined). First-time dams and older dams tend to have smaller litters.

Do Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers need C-sections?

No, the majority of Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers whelp naturally. The breed's C-section rate is 18%, which is moderate for a medium-sized terrier. C-sections are typically performed when there are complications such as dystocia (difficulty delivering), maternal distress, singleton puppies (which can be oversized), or known pelvic abnormalities. Planned C-sections are not standard practice in the breed. Most Wheaten dams whelp naturally without intervention due to the breed's proportionate build and moderate litter sizes.

What health tests are required for breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers?

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier has one of the most comprehensive health testing protocols of any AKC breed. Required tests for CHIC certification include: (1) Hip Dysplasia evaluation via OFA or PennHIP, (2) Eye Examination by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist (CAER) repeated every 2 years, (3) PLN Variant Gene Test (DNA) for protein-losing nephropathy genetic variants, and (4) Annual Biochemical Profile (CBC, urinalysis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio) to screen for early signs of PLN, PLE, and kidney/liver dysfunction. The annual biochemical profile must be performed every year throughout the breeding career of all breeding stock. Additional recommended tests include cardiac evaluation, degenerative myelopathy DNA test, paroxysmal dyskinesia DNA test, and brucellosis testing before each breeding.

How much does it cost to breed Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers?

The total cost to produce one litter of Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers averages $4,950 with natural whelping, or approximately $6,700 if a C-section is required (18% of litters). This includes health testing for both parents ($1,300), stud fee ($1,500), progesterone testing ($300), prenatal veterinary care ($350), whelping supplies ($250), puppy veterinary care for 5 puppies ($750), food and supplements ($400), and AKC registration ($200). Additionally, annual biochemical profiles ($200 per dog per year) and biennial eye exams ($75 every 2 years) are ongoing costs throughout each dog's breeding career. With an average litter revenue of $9,000 (5 puppies at $1,800 each), net profit ranges from $2,300 to $4,050 per litter, assuming no complications and average litter size.

At what age can you breed a Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier?

Female Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers should not be bred until at least 24 months of age, after all health clearances are complete, including OFA hip certification (minimum age 24 months) and at least two annual biochemical profiles demonstrating normal kidney and liver function. Males can be used at stud as early as 18-24 months after preliminary hip clearances (PennHIP or OFA preliminary), PLN genetic testing, and at least one annual biochemical profile showing normal health. Breeding before these ages and health clearances is irresponsible and puts puppies at risk of inheriting health problems.

How much do Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies cost?

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies from health-tested parents typically cost $1,800 for pet-quality puppies (sold on limited AKC registration with spay/neuter contracts) and $2,500 for show/breeding-quality puppies (sold on full AKC registration). Puppies from titled parents (conformation champions, performance titleholders) or lines with exceptional health testing and low incidence of PLN/PLE may command higher prices ($2,500-3,000+). Puppies sold without health testing on the parents, or from backyard breeders or puppy mills, may be cheaper ($800-1,200) but come with significantly higher risk of genetic health problems, particularly the devastating protein-losing diseases.

What are the most common health problems in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers?

The most significant health problems in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers are Protein-Losing Nephropathy (PLN) and Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE), each affecting 10-15% of the breed. PLN is a kidney disease causing protein loss in urine, leading to kidney failure with a poor prognosis (mean age of onset 6.3 years). PLE is an intestinal disease causing protein loss through the GI tract, leading to chronic diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss (mean age of onset 4.7 years). Both conditions are life-threatening and are the focus of extensive research and mandatory annual screening. Other health concerns include Addison's disease (moderate prevalence, 2-7 years onset), hip dysplasia (10% prevalence), renal dysplasia (rare to moderate), eye diseases including cataracts and PRA (6% prevalence), and several low-prevalence recessive conditions including degenerative myelopathy and paroxysmal dyskinesia (DNA tests available).

Is breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers profitable?

Breeding Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers is marginally profitable if all goes well, but it is not a lucrative endeavor. With natural whelping and an average litter of 5 puppies, net profit ranges from $4,050 per litter. If a C-section is required (18% of litters), net profit drops to approximately $2,300. However, this assumes average litter size, no puppy losses, no complications, and successful conception on the first breeding. Smaller litters (3-4 puppies), missed breedings requiring repeat attempts, puppy health issues, or dam complications can eliminate profit entirely. Additionally, the ongoing cost of annual biochemical screening ($200 per dog per year) and biennial eye exams accumulates over the dog's breeding career. Responsible Wheaten breeders are motivated by a commitment to the breed's health and preservation, not profit. The goal is to break even while producing healthy, well-socialized puppies from rigorously health-tested parents.

Why do Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers require annual biochemical screening?

Annual biochemical screening (CBC, urinalysis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio) is required for all Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier breeding stock because it is the only way to detect early signs of Protein-Losing Nephropathy (PLN) and Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE) before clinical signs appear. While a DNA test for PLN genetic variants exists, it does not predict all cases due to incomplete penetrance — dogs with low-risk genotypes can still develop PLN, and high-risk dogs may remain healthy. The annual biochemical profile detects proteinuria (protein in urine), declining albumin levels, and other markers of kidney or liver dysfunction before the dog becomes visibly ill. Early detection can allow for medical management and, critically, removal of affected dogs from breeding programs before they produce affected offspring. Given that PLN and PLE each affect 10-15% of the breed and have poor prognoses, annual screening is considered essential by the SCWTCA and ethical breeders.

What is the "Wheaten greetin'"?

The "Wheaten greetin'" is the breed's characteristic exuberant, enthusiastic greeting behavior. When a Wheaten greets a beloved person (or sometimes a stranger), the dog may jump, spin, vocalize, and wiggle with uncontainable joy. This behavior is endearing to Wheaten lovers but can be overwhelming to visitors unfamiliar with the breed. While the Wheaten greetin' is part of the breed's charming personality, good breeders select for dogs that can settle after the initial greeting and are not hyperactive or anxious. The greeting behavior should be joyful and friendly, not frantic or out-of-control. Proper socialization and training can help channel this enthusiasm into polite greetings.

Can I breed a Wheaten with a high-risk PLN genotype?

Breeding decisions involving PLN genetic test results must be made carefully and in consultation with the SCWTCA health guidelines. A dog with a high-risk PLN genotype (two copies of risk variants at KIRREL2 and/or NPHS1 genes) should NOT be bred to another high-risk dog, as this would significantly increase the chance of producing affected offspring. However, a high-risk dog with current normal annual biochemical profiles and other excellent qualities (temperament, structure, coat) could potentially be bred to a low-risk dog, producing intermediate-risk or low-risk offspring. The key is that ALL breeding stock — regardless of genetic test results — must have current normal annual biochemical profiles before every breeding. A dog showing any signs of proteinuria or declining kidney function must be immediately removed from breeding, regardless of genetic test results. Consult with experienced Wheaten breeders and use the SCWTCA health database to make informed decisions.