Breeding Gordon Setters

Complete Guide for Responsible Breeders

Breeding Gordon Setters requires a deep commitment to preserving bone and substance while managing a critical genetic challenge: a 50% carrier rate for PRA-rcd4, a late-onset form of progressive retinal atrophy. As the heaviest and most substantial of the setter breeds, the Gordon Setter demands careful selection for structural soundness, particularly elbow health where the breed faces elevated risk. This guide provides comprehensive, breed-specific information for mid-level breeders working to maintain the Gordon Setter's unique combination of power, elegance, and hunting ability.

Breed Overview

The Gordon Setter originated in Scotland in the early 17th century, developed by Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, at Gordon Castle near Fochabers. Originally known as the "Black and Tan Setter," these dogs were bred to be larger and more substantial than the Irish Setter and other setter breeds, capable of working the rugged Scottish Highlands hunting grouse, pheasant, and other upland game birds. Their heavier build and tireless stamina made them ideal for full days afield in challenging terrain.

The Gordon Setter was among the first nine breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club, initially registered as "Gordon Castle Setter" in 1878, with the name simplified to "Gordon Setter" in 1892. The first documented import to America was in 1842 when George Blunt brought Rake and Rachael to New York. Today, the breed ranks 99th in AKC popularity, with stable registration numbers that reflect its status as a rare breed with a limited but dedicated breeding community.

The Gordon Setter Club of America (GSCA) serves as the national parent club, providing resources, health registries, and breeding guidance. The relatively small breeding population creates both challenges and opportunities—limited genetic diversity requires careful COI management, while the tight-knit breeder community facilitates collaboration and mentorship.

Breed Standard Summary for Breeders

The Gordon Setter is defined first and foremost by bone and substance. This is not a refined or elegant setter—it is a "good-sized, sturdily built" dog with "plenty of bone and substance" that conveys "nobility, dignity, and power." Breeding decisions must prioritize structural soundness capable of supporting this substantial frame through a full day's work in the field.

Size specifications:

• Males: 24-27 inches, 55-80 pounds
• Females: 23-26 inches, 45-70 pounds

Critical structural priorities for breeding stock:

• Deep chest with well-sprung ribs (not slab-sided or narrow)
• Bone and substance throughout without coarseness
• Balanced angulation front and rear for efficient movement
• Noble head with proper stop and muzzle length proportions
• Rich mahogany or chestnut tan markings over a jet black base

Disqualifications that remove dogs from breeding consideration:

• Predominantly tan, red, or buff coloring
• Dogs without a black saddle and saddle markings

Serious faults that should influence breeding decisions:

• Light, fine bone structure lacking substance (the antithesis of Gordon type)
• Lack of rib spring or depth of chest
• Overly long or narrow head
• Straight or lacking angulation in hindquarters
• Light or yellow eyes (dark brown is correct)
• Excessive white markings beyond chest and throat

When evaluating potential breeding stock, remember that the Gordon Setter should look capable of working all day in rough terrain. Structural elegance must never come at the expense of working substance.

Reproductive Profile

Gordon Setters average 7 puppies per litter, with a documented range of 1 to 16 puppies. This average litter size is typical for medium-to-large sporting breeds and provides a reasonable return on the substantial investment required for health testing and prenatal care. Litter size can vary significantly based on the dam's age, the stud's fertility, the timing of breeding, and genetic factors within specific lines.

The C-section rate for Gordon Setters is approximately 12%, which is favorable compared to many breeds of similar size. Natural whelping is the norm, though occasional dystocia can occur due to large puppy size, particularly in first-time dams or lines that produce heavy-boned puppies. This relatively low C-section rate is comparable to the Labrador Retriever's rate and significantly better than brachycephalic breeds where surgical delivery approaches 80%+.

Fertility considerations specific to Gordon Setters:

• The breed's rarity means limited breeding stock, requiring careful selection and occasional outcrossing to less closely related lines
• Some bloodlines exhibit reduced litter sizes, particularly as dams age beyond 5-6 years
• Age-related fertility decline is noted in dams over 6 years, making early retirement advisable
• Both natural breeding and artificial insemination (fresh or frozen) are suitable for the breed
• Frozen semen is commonly used for international breeding programs and to preserve genetics from outstanding stud dogs

Due to the small breeding population, maintaining detailed pedigree records and tracking reproductive success across lines is essential for making informed stud selections and managing the breed's overall genetic health.

Breeding Age and Timeline

First heat and sexual maturity:

Gordon Setter females typically experience their first heat cycle between 8 and 12 months of age, though this can vary by individual and bloodline. Do not breed on first or even second heat. Skeletal and reproductive maturity takes significantly longer than sexual maturity.

Recommended first breeding age:

• Females: 24-30 months, after completing all required health clearances
• Males: 24 months minimum, after completing all required health clearances

OFA health testing timeline:

The minimum age for OFA hip and elbow evaluations is 24 months. This timing requirement means you cannot obtain final health clearances until the dog reaches 2 years of age. Eye examinations can be performed annually starting at any age, and the PRA-rcd4 DNA test can be done at any age (many breeders test puppies before placement). Plan your testing schedule to ensure all clearances are in hand before breeding.

Career timeline:

• Maximum recommended litters per female: 5
• Breeding retirement age: 6-8 years (earlier if fertility declines or health issues develop)
• Litter frequency: No more than one litter per year per female; many breeders space litters 18-24 months apart

Complete breeding timeline from decision to puppy placement:

1. Month 0: Health testing completed (hip, elbow, eyes, PRA-rcd4, thyroid)
2. Month 1-2: Stud dog selection, contract negotiation, progesterone testing to pinpoint ovulation
3. Month 2: Breeding (natural or AI)
4. Month 3-4: Pregnancy confirmation via ultrasound or palpation, increase dam's nutrition
5. Month 4: Whelping (day 58-63), neonatal care begins
6. Month 5-6: Puppy socialization, first vet visit, vaccinations
7. Month 6-7: Puppy evaluations, placement discussions, go-home at 8-10 weeks

This timeline assumes smooth progression; complications or missed breedings can extend the process significantly.

Required Health Testing

The Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) program for Gordon Setters requires four specific health tests. Achieving CHIC certification demonstrates your commitment to breed health and is increasingly expected by puppy buyers and ethical breeders when selecting stud dogs.

CHIC required tests:

Hip Dysplasia Evaluation (OFA or PennHIP) — $250

Screens for hip joint malformation and degenerative joint disease. OFA radiographs must be taken at 24 months minimum age. Gordon Setters, like most large sporting breeds, have a moderate prevalence of hip dysplasia. Select breeding stock with OFA ratings of Good or Excellent; Fair may be acceptable if other structural qualities are exceptional and the mate has Excellent hips.

Elbow Dysplasia Evaluation (OFA) — $150

Screens for elbow joint malformation including fragmented coronoid process (FCP), ununited anconeal process (UAP), and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Gordon Setters have a significantly elevated risk for elbow dysplasia, particularly FCP, with an odds ratio of 19.8 compared to the general dog population. This makes elbow clearances absolutely critical—breed only dogs with OFA Normal elbows.

Eye Examination (OFA) — $75 annually

Annual examination by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist to screen for progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, entropion, and other hereditary eye diseases. Because PRA-rcd4 has late onset (10+ years), annual eye exams help monitor for early clinical signs even in DNA-tested dogs.

PRA-rcd4 DNA Test — $65

One-time DNA test for rod-cone dysplasia 4, a late-onset progressive retinal atrophy specific to Gordon Setters. This autosomal recessive condition has an estimated 50% carrier rate in the breed, making DNA testing essential before every breeding. Results are Clear (normal/normal), Carrier (normal/affected), or Affected (affected/affected). Carriers are healthy but must never be bred to other carriers.

Additional recommended tests (not required for CHIC):

Thyroid Panel (OFA) — $175

Autoimmune thyroiditis affects approximately 2.7% of Gordon Setters. A baseline thyroid panel helps identify dogs with subclinical hypothyroidism before breeding.

Cardiac Evaluation (OFA) — $100

Auscultation by a board-certified veterinary cardiologist to screen for congenital and acquired heart disease. While not a primary breed concern, cardiac evaluation adds a layer of screening for overall health.

CHIC DNA Repository — Free

Submitting a DNA sample to the CHIC repository supports future genetic research without additional cost to breeders.

Total estimated cost per breeding dog:

Initial testing (hip, elbow, eye, PRA-rcd4): $540 one-time, plus $75 annually for eye exams. With recommended thyroid and cardiac testing, total initial investment reaches approximately $1,015. Plan for annual eye exams ($75) throughout the dog's breeding career.

Hereditary Health Conditions

Gordon Setters face several hereditary health conditions that responsible breeders must understand and screen for. The breed's limited population makes genetic management particularly important—every breeding decision impacts the entire breed's genetic health.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy — PRA-rcd4

Prevalence: Estimated 50% carrier rate in the breed population (15% disease prevalence)

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive (two copies of the mutation required for disease)

DNA test: Yes, available through multiple laboratories

Clinical signs: Night blindness progressing to complete blindness, dilated pupils, increased eye shine (tapetal hyper-reflectivity), typically subtle until advanced stages

Age of onset: Late-onset, typically 10+ years, though some dogs develop clinical signs earlier

Breeding impact: This is the most critical genetic consideration in breeding Gordon Setters. With a 50% carrier rate, random breeding would produce affected puppies in 25% of litters. DNA testing allows identification of carriers, who are healthy but must only be bred to Clear dogs. Never breed Carrier to Carrier (produces 25% Affected puppies) or Affected to any dog. Breeding Clear to Carrier produces 50% Clear and 50% Carrier puppies—all healthy, but perpetuates carriers in the population. Some breeders advocate breeding only Clear to Clear to eliminate the mutation, while others accept Clear to Carrier breedings for exceptional dogs to maintain genetic diversity.

Hip Dysplasia

Prevalence: Common in large sporting breeds; specific Gordon Setter prevalence data limited (estimated 20% based on OFA submissions)

Inheritance: Polygenic (multiple genes) with environmental factors (growth rate, nutrition, exercise)

DNA test: No single-gene test available; radiographic screening is the standard

Clinical signs: Lameness, difficulty rising, bunny-hopping gait, decreased activity, pain on hip extension, muscle atrophy

Age of onset: 6 months to 2+ years for clinical signs; radiographic changes can be present earlier

Breeding impact: Select only dogs with OFA Good or Excellent ratings. Avoid breeding Fair unless the mate is Excellent. Never breed dogs with hip dysplasia (Mild, Moderate, or Severe ratings).

Elbow Dysplasia — Especially Fragmented Coronoid Process (FCP)

Prevalence: Highly elevated risk in Gordon Setters—odds ratio of 19.8 compared to general population (approximately 18% prevalence)

Inheritance: Polygenic with environmental factors

DNA test: Not available; radiographic OFA evaluation required

Clinical signs: Front limb lameness, elbow swelling, reduced range of motion, reluctance to exercise, progressive arthritis

Age of onset: 4-10 months for clinical signs; radiographic evaluation at 24+ months

Breeding impact: Gordon Setters have one of the highest risks for FCP among all breeds. This makes elbow clearances even more critical than hip clearances. Breed only dogs with OFA Normal elbows. Any degree of elbow dysplasia should remove a dog from breeding consideration.

Hypothyroidism (Autoimmune Thyroiditis)

Prevalence: 2.7% of Gordon Setters (higher than general dog population)

Inheritance: Autosomal recessive with DLA (dog leukocyte antigen) association

DNA test: Not available; thyroid panel with autoantibody screening recommended

Clinical signs: Weight gain despite normal intake, lethargy, hair loss, dry skin, cold intolerance, behavioral changes

Age of onset: Middle age (4-8 years typically)

Breeding impact: Obtain baseline thyroid panel before breeding. Dogs with autoimmune thyroiditis should not be bred, even if managed on medication.

Symmetrical Lupoid Onychomadesis (SLO)

Prevalence: 8.9% of Gordon Setters (significantly elevated compared to general population)

Inheritance: Immune-mediated with DLA Class II association; genetic component suspected but not fully defined

DNA test: Not available

Clinical signs: Acute loss of all claws over 3-4 months, painful and swollen nail beds, secondary bacterial infections, lameness

Age of onset: Young to middle age (typically 3-6 years)

Breeding impact: Dogs with clinical SLO should be removed from breeding programs. If siblings of breeding stock develop SLO, carefully consider genetic contribution before continuing to breed affected lines.

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Prevalence: Elevated risk—odds ratio of 4.1 compared to general population (approximately 12% lifetime risk)

Inheritance: Polygenic with environmental triggers (feeding practices, exercise timing, stress, deep-chested conformation)

DNA test: Not available

Clinical signs: Acute abdominal distension, unproductive retching, restlessness, drooling, rapid heart rate, collapse—immediate veterinary emergency

Age of onset: Any age, more common in middle-aged to older dogs

Breeding impact: Deep chest conformation (breed characteristic) predisposes to bloat. Select against extremely deep, narrow chests if presented with a choice. Educate puppy buyers on bloat prevention (multiple small meals, avoid exercise immediately after eating, consider prophylactic gastropexy).

Juvenile Renal Disease

Prevalence: Rare in Gordon Setters but breed-associated

Inheritance: Suspected autosomal recessive or polygenic; genetic basis not fully defined

DNA test: Not available

Clinical signs: Excessive thirst and urination, poor growth, weight loss, small irregular kidneys visible on ultrasound, progresses to kidney failure

Age of onset: 8 weeks to 2 years

Breeding impact: Remove affected dogs and their parents from breeding programs. If siblings develop juvenile renal disease, carefully evaluate whether to continue breeding related dogs.

Color and Coat Genetics

Gordon Setter color genetics are remarkably simple compared to most breeds—only one color pattern is accepted, and deviations are disqualifications. This simplicity makes color-related breeding decisions straightforward.

Accepted colors:

• Black with tan markings (mahogany or chestnut)

That's it. The breed standard is explicit: Gordon Setters must be black with rich mahogany or chestnut tan markings. Tan markings should appear over each eye, on the sides of the muzzle, on the throat, on the chest (two distinct spots), on the inside of the hind legs and thighs, on the forelegs from carpus to toes, and around the vent. A small white spot on the chest is permissible but not desirable.

Disqualifying colors:

• Predominantly tan, red, or buff
• Any color other than black with tan markings
• Absence of black saddle and saddle markings

Relevant genetic loci:

The Gordon Setter's black-and-tan pattern is controlled by several genetic loci:

• K locus (KB - dominant black): Gordon Setters are typically KB/KB or KB/ky, allowing the tan-point pattern from the A locus to be expressed
• A locus (at/at - tan points): Homozygous for the tan-point allele, which creates the characteristic tan markings on a black base
• E locus (E - extension): Normal extension allows black pigment production
• B locus (B - black pigment): Normal B allele produces black (not brown/liver) pigment

Because all Gordon Setters must be at/at (tan points) at the A locus and have compatible alleles at other loci to produce black-and-tan coloration, color-related breeding decisions are simple: any dog that doesn't display the correct black-and-tan pattern is disqualified and should not be bred.

Health-linked colors:

The only color-linked health consideration is rare recessive red (e/e at the E locus), which prevents black pigment and produces a red or buff dog. While not linked to health issues, this coloring is a disqualification. Recessive red is extremely rare in Gordon Setters due to centuries of selection against it, but if it appears, do not breed the affected dog or knowingly breed carriers.

Breeding for color:

Black-and-tan to black-and-tan produces 100% black-and-tan puppies (assuming both parents are homozygous at/at, which is nearly universal in the breed). Focus your breeding decisions on health, structure, temperament, and working ability—color will take care of itself in this breed.

The breed's color genetics represent one of the few simple aspects of breeding Gordon Setters. The much more complex challenges lie in managing PRA-rcd4 carriers, elbow dysplasia risk, and preserving bone and substance while maintaining genetic diversity in a limited population.

Selecting Breeding Stock

Selecting breeding stock for Gordon Setters requires balancing structural priorities outlined in the breed standard with health clearances and genetic diversity management. The breed's relatively small population makes every breeding decision consequential.

Conformation priorities:

Bone and substance with balanced angulation: This is the defining characteristic of Gordon Setters. The dog must have substantial bone throughout without coarseness, supported by balanced angulation front and rear. Avoid breeding dogs with light, fine bone—it's the antithesis of Gordon type.

Deep chest with well-sprung ribs: The body should be short, deep through the chest, and well-ribbed with well-sprung ribs (not slab-sided or narrow). Proper rib spring provides lung capacity for all-day work.

Correct head type with proper stop: The Gordon head should be deep rather than broad, with a well-defined stop and good length of muzzle. The expression should be intelligent and noble.

Rich mahogany tan markings: Color quality matters. Tan markings should be rich mahogany or deep chestnut, not pale or washed out.

Sound movement with reach and drive: Movement should be smooth and effortless, with strong reach in front and powerful drive from the rear. Avoid dogs that move with short, choppy strides or lack coordination.

Noble expression and temperament: Gordon Setters should convey dignity and nobility. Temperament must be stable, confident, and biddable.

Common faults to select against:

• Light bone and lack of substance (violates breed type)
• Narrow or slab-sided body (reduces working capacity)
• Straight stifles and poor rear angulation (compromises movement)
• Excessive white beyond chest and throat (undesirable)
• Light or yellow eyes (dark brown is correct)
• Soft or shy temperament (indicates poor breeding)

Temperament evaluation:

Gordon Setters are bred to work independently in the field while remaining biddable and responsive to the hunter. Evaluate breeding stock through:

• Field evaluation via hunting tests or field trials (demonstrates prey drive and trainability)
• Temperament testing for confidence, biddability, and bird interest
• Evaluation in multiple environments for stability and adaptability
• Observation with strangers and in novel situations

Avoid breeding dogs that display shyness, fear aggression, or lack of prey drive. Even in show-line Gordon Setters, working temperament should be preserved.

Genetic diversity and COI management:

The average coefficient of inbreeding (COI) in Gordon Setters is approximately 8.5%, reflecting the breed's limited population. Target a COI under 6.25% for each breeding when possible. Use the online COI calculator on the Gordon Setter Club of America website or breed database to evaluate potential pairings.

When selecting a stud dog, prioritize outcrossing to less closely related lines over repeat breedings to the same popular stud. The breed's health depends on maintaining genetic diversity.

Stud dog selection criteria:

• All required health clearances (OFA hips Excellent or Good, OFA elbows Normal, annual eye exams current, PRA-rcd4 Clear or Carrier paired only with Clear)
• Complementary structure that balances the bitch's strengths and weaknesses
• Proven production record (for mature studs) or outstanding qualities (for young studs)
• Temperament and working ability consistent with breed purpose
• Pedigree that contributes genetic diversity (ideally COI under 6.25%)

Stud fees: Gordon Setter stud fees typically range from $800 to $1,500, with proven studs commanding higher fees. Some breeders negotiate pick-of-litter arrangements instead of cash fees.

Show quality vs. breeding quality:

Not every dog that finishes a championship is breeding quality. Prioritize health clearances, genetic testing, structural soundness, and temperament over titles. A dog with excellent clearances, outstanding structure, and proven working ability but lacking a championship is more valuable to the breed than a champion with Fair hips and Carrier PRA-rcd4 status bred to another Carrier.

Whelping and Neonatal Care

Gordon Setters typically whelp naturally without complications, though first-time dams and lines that produce large puppies may require supervision and occasional intervention.

Recommended whelping method: Natural whelping is standard for the breed. The 12% C-section rate indicates that surgical delivery is occasionally necessary but not the norm.

Breed-specific whelping complications:

• Occasional dystocia (difficult birth) due to large puppy size relative to the dam's pelvic canal, particularly in first-time dams or maidens bred past 4 years of age
• First-time dams may need supervision and assistance with membrane removal and cord cutting
• Deep-chested conformation increases risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat) during late pregnancy and immediately post-whelping—monitor the dam closely and feed multiple small meals

Whelping preparation:

Set up a whelping box in a quiet, temperature-controlled area at least one week before the due date. The box should be large enough for the dam to stretch out fully (approximately 4x5 feet for a Gordon Setter) with rails to prevent accidental puppy crushing. Maintain ambient temperature of 80-85°F for newborns, gradually decreasing as puppies mature.

Have emergency supplies ready: iodine for cord dipping, hemostats, bulb syringe, clean towels, heating pad, scale for daily weights, and your veterinarian's emergency contact information.

Expected birth weights:

• Male puppies: 14-18 ounces
• Female puppies: 12-16 ounces

Puppies born significantly under 10 ounces or over 24 ounces warrant close monitoring, as extremes may indicate complications.

Daily weight gain targets:

Healthy Gordon Setter puppies should gain 5-10% of their birth weight daily during the first two weeks. This translates to approximately 1-2 ounces per day for average-sized puppies. Weigh all puppies at the same time each day and track on a growth chart. Puppies that fail to gain weight or lose weight require supplemental feeding and veterinary evaluation.

Neonatal care:

• Monitor all puppies for nursing success; ensure each puppy nurses within 2 hours of birth to receive colostrum
• Rotate puppies to different teats if some are weaker or not nursing vigorously
• Watch for fading puppy syndrome (failure to thrive, declining energy, not gaining weight)
• Deworm at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks following veterinary protocol
• First veterinary exam at 6-7 weeks, first vaccination at 7-8 weeks

Dewclaw, tail, and ear practices:

Gordon Setters do not require dewclaw removal, tail docking, or ear cropping. Rear dewclaws are typically absent; front dewclaws should be left intact. The breed standard calls for natural tails and natural ears.

Puppy Development Milestones

Gordon Setter puppies grow rapidly during their first 12 weeks, with males reaching approximately 32.5 pounds and females reaching 28.5 pounds by 3 months of age. However, full maturity takes 18-24 months, and structural evaluation should account for this extended development period.

Weekly milestones:

Week 0 (Birth): Puppies are born with eyes and ears closed, completely dependent on the dam. Birth weights average 14-18 oz (males) and 12-16 oz (females). Neonatal period focuses on nursing, warmth, and stimulation from the dam.

Week 1: Puppies should double their birth weight. Eyes remain closed. Puppies crawl and root for teats. Handle gently daily for early neurological stimulation (ENS).

Week 2: Eyes begin to open. Hearing develops. Puppies become more aware of surroundings. Continue daily handling and ENS exercises.

Week 3 (Transitional period begins): Teeth begin to erupt. Puppies start to walk. Begin offering gruel (softened puppy food) to introduce the concept of eating solid food.

Week 4: Socialization period begins—this is the most critical developmental window. Puppies interact with littermates, explore their environment, and begin responding to human interaction. Start introducing varied surfaces, sounds, and gentle handling.

Week 5: Weaning begins. Puppies eat solid food regularly. Increase environmental enrichment: varied surfaces, novel objects, different sounds (vacuum, TV, music). Introduce to different people (children, men, women, varying appearances).

Week 6: Puppies are fully weaned. First veterinary examination. First round of vaccinations (typically DAP or DHPP). Temperament testing can begin. Puppy evaluations for structure and conformation.

Week 7-8: Critical socialization continues. Introduce car rides, crates, outdoor environments (after vaccination allows). Evaluate puppies for placement in show, field, or companion homes.

Week 8-10 (Go-home age): Puppies are ready for placement. Provide new owners with health records, vaccination schedule, 3-5 generation pedigree, AKC registration paperwork, and a comprehensive puppy packet with feeding, training, and socialization guidance.

6-9 months (Formal evaluation age): Puppies selected for show or breeding prospects should undergo formal structural evaluation. Bone development is more apparent, though maturity is still months away. Identify any structural faults that weren't visible at 8 weeks.

18-24 months (Adult size achieved): Gordon Setters reach full height and weight. Final structural evaluation can be performed. Health clearances (OFA hips and elbows) can be obtained at 24 months.

Critical socialization window:

The socialization window from 3-14 weeks is the most important developmental period. Puppies must be exposed to diverse experiences during this time to develop into confident, well-adjusted adults. For breeders, this means:

• Varied human interaction (different ages, genders, appearances)
• Novel environments and surfaces (grass, gravel, wood, tile, carpet)
• Household sounds (vacuum, doorbell, TV, music, appliances)
• Other animals (if safely possible post-vaccination)
• Gentle handling, grooming, nail trimming
• Car rides and crate training

Gordon Setters that miss critical socialization may develop fear-based behaviors that are difficult to modify in adulthood.

Breeding Economics

Breeding Gordon Setters is a financial commitment that requires transparency with prospective buyers. While modest profits are possible with larger litters, the rare breed's limited market and substantial health testing costs mean that most breeders break even or operate at a loss when all expenses are accounted for.

Cost breakdown for a typical litter (natural whelping, 7 puppies):

Health testing (dam): $1,015

• Hip dysplasia (OFA): $250
• Elbow dysplasia (OFA): $150
• Annual eye exam (OFA): $75
• PRA-rcd4 DNA test: $65
• Thyroid panel: $175
• Cardiac evaluation: $100
• CHIC DNA repository: $0

Stud fee: $1,100 (average; range $800-1,500)

Progesterone testing: $200 (multiple tests to pinpoint ovulation for optimal breeding timing)

Prenatal veterinary care: $350

• Breeding soundness exam
• Pregnancy confirmation (ultrasound or palpation)
• Pre-whelping radiograph (puppy count)
• Prenatal vitamins and increased nutrition

Whelping costs (natural): $300

• Whelping supplies (box, rails, bedding, heating pad, scale)
• Emergency veterinary standby (if needed)

Whelping costs (C-section, if required): $2,000

• Emergency C-section including anesthesia, surgery, hospitalization

Puppy veterinary costs: $1,050 ($150 per puppy x 7)

• First exam at 6-7 weeks
• First round of vaccinations (DAP/DHPP)
• Deworming (multiple rounds)
• Microchipping (optional but recommended)

Food and supplies: $500

• Increased food for dam during pregnancy and lactation (high-quality puppy/performance food)
• Puppy food for weaning through placement
• Puppy supplies (bowls, toys, bedding, cleaning supplies)

AKC registration: $150

• Litter registration
• Individual puppy registrations (often charged to buyers, but budget for it)

Total cost (natural whelping): ~$4,665

Total cost (C-section): ~$6,365

Revenue projections:

Average puppy price (pet quality): $1,400

Average puppy price (show/breeding quality): $2,200

Average litter revenue (7 puppies at pet price): $9,800

Net profit/loss:

• Natural whelping: $9,800 revenue - $4,665 costs = ~$5,135 net
• C-section delivery: $9,800 revenue - $6,365 costs = ~$3,435 net

Important caveats:

This calculation does NOT include:

• Purchase price and training/titling of the breeding female
• Travel expenses for stud dog visits or AI shipping
• Advertising and marketing costs
• Puppy raising time (significant labor investment)
• Emergency veterinary costs beyond standard whelping
• Costs for puppies that don't sell immediately or are returned
• Showing or field trialing costs to prove breeding quality

Many Gordon Setter breeders maintain their breeding program as a hobby with modest returns, not as a profit-generating business. The rare breed's limited market means puppies may take longer to place compared to more popular breeds.

Ethical pricing:

Gordon Setter puppies from fully health-tested parents, raised with appropriate socialization, and backed by a responsible breeder should command $1,400-2,200 depending on show/field potential. Prices below $1,000 often indicate lack of health testing or substandard breeding practices. Prices above $2,500 should be justified by exceptional pedigree, titles, and proven production.

Breeder Resources

The Gordon Setter community offers extensive support for both new and established breeders committed to preserving the breed.

Parent club:

Gordon Setter Club of America (GSCA)

Website: https://gsca.org/

The GSCA provides breed standard interpretation, breeder referral, health and genetics resources, educational seminars, and national specialty events. Membership connects breeders with mentorship opportunities and the collective knowledge of experienced Gordon Setter fanciers.

AKC Breeder Programs:

Breeder of Merit: Recognition for breeders who demonstrate commitment to health testing, continuing education, and breed standard excellence.

Bred with H.E.A.R.T.: Program emphasizing Health, Education, Accountability, Responsibility, and Tradition in breeding practices.

Both programs provide visibility to puppy buyers seeking responsible breeders and offer educational resources to improve breeding programs.

Recommended books:

• "The Complete Gordon Setter" by Anita Lustenberger: Comprehensive breed history, standard interpretation, and breeding guidance specific to Gordon Setters.
• "The Gordon Setter: Beauty, Brains & Bird Sense": Focus on working ability and field qualities in addition to conformation.
• "Gordon Setter: A Dog Owner's Guide": Practical information on training, care, and living with the breed.

Online communities:

• Gordon Setter Club of America Facebook Group: Active community for sharing photos, asking questions, and connecting with other Gordon Setter enthusiasts.
• Gordon Setter Expert Blog: Articles on training, health, breeding, and breed history.
• Sporting Dog Forum — Gordon Setter Section: Discussion board for field and show Gordon Setter breeders and owners.

Health registries and databases:

• OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals): www.ofa.org — Health testing results database
• CHIC (Canine Health Information Center): www.caninehealthinfo.org — CHIC certification database
• Gordon Setter Health and Genetics Resources (via GSCA): Breed-specific health surveys and genetic research

Mentorship:

New Gordon Setter breeders benefit immensely from mentorship with experienced breeders. The GSCA can facilitate connections. Attend regional specialty shows, field trials, and national specialty events to network with breeders whose programs you admire.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many puppies do Gordon Setters typically have?

Gordon Setters average 7 puppies per litter, with a documented range of 1 to 16 puppies. Most litters fall between 5 and 9 puppies. Litter size can be influenced by the dam's age (peak fertility is typically 2-5 years), breeding timing, the stud dog's fertility, and genetic factors within specific bloodlines. First-time dams sometimes have smaller litters, while experienced dams in their prime may produce larger litters.

Do Gordon Setters need C-sections?

No, Gordon Setters typically whelp naturally. The breed's C-section rate is approximately 12%, which is favorable compared to many breeds. Natural whelping is the norm, though occasional dystocia (difficult birth) can occur, particularly with first-time dams or when puppies are unusually large. Be prepared for the possibility of emergency veterinary intervention, but expect a natural delivery in most cases. The 12% rate is similar to other large sporting breeds and significantly lower than brachycephalic breeds that require planned C-sections in 80%+ of pregnancies.

What health tests are required for breeding Gordon Setters?

The CHIC program requires four specific tests: Hip Dysplasia evaluation (OFA or PennHIP), Elbow Dysplasia evaluation (OFA), annual Eye Examination (OFA), and PRA-rcd4 DNA test. Additionally, responsible breeders often include Thyroid Panel (OFA) and Cardiac Evaluation to screen for autoimmune thyroiditis and heart conditions. Total cost for complete testing is approximately $1,015 per breeding dog, plus $75 annually for eye exams. All testing should be completed and results registered before breeding.

How much does it cost to breed Gordon Setters?

Breeding a litter of Gordon Setters costs approximately $4,665 for natural whelping, or $6,365 if a C-section is required. Major expenses include health testing for the dam ($1,015), stud fee ($1,100), progesterone testing ($200), prenatal veterinary care ($350), whelping costs ($300-2,000), puppy veterinary care ($150 per puppy), food and supplies ($500), and registration fees ($150). This does not include the initial investment in purchasing and proving the breeding female, travel expenses, marketing, or the significant time investment required to raise a litter properly.

At what age can you breed a Gordon Setter?

Gordon Setter females should not be bred before 24-30 months of age, after completing all required health clearances. Although females typically experience their first heat between 8-12 months, breeding should wait until skeletal maturity and health testing are complete. OFA requires dogs to be at least 24 months old for hip and elbow radiographs. Males should also be at least 24 months with completed health clearances before being used at stud. Breeding younger than this risks structural immaturity and prevents proper health screening.

How much do Gordon Setter puppies cost?

Gordon Setter puppies from health-tested parents typically cost $1,400 to $2,200. Pet-quality puppies with limited AKC registration average $1,400, while show or breeding-quality puppies with full registration and exceptional pedigrees command $1,800-2,200. Prices below $1,000 often indicate lack of health testing or substandard breeding practices. Prices above $2,500 should be justified by exceptional titles, proven production records, or imported bloodlines. The breed's rarity and small breeding community mean pricing is relatively stable nationwide.

What are the most common health problems in Gordon Setters?

The most significant health concern is Progressive Retinal Atrophy — PRA-rcd4, with an estimated 50% carrier rate in the breed, making DNA testing absolutely critical before breeding. Hip dysplasia affects approximately 20% of Gordon Setters, while elbow dysplasia is particularly elevated with an odds ratio of 19.8 (especially fragmented coronoid process). Other notable conditions include Symmetrical Lupoid Onychomadesis (SLO) affecting 8.9% of the breed, autoimmune thyroiditis in 2.7%, and gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat) with an odds ratio of 4.1. Juvenile renal disease is rare but breed-associated. Comprehensive health testing addresses all these concerns.

Is breeding Gordon Setters profitable?

Breeding Gordon Setters can produce modest profits with larger litters and natural whelping, but profitability should not be the primary motivation. A typical 7-puppy litter with natural whelping generates approximately $5,135 net after expenses ($9,800 revenue minus $4,665 costs). However, this does not account for the initial investment in the breeding female, showing/titling costs, time investment, or unexpected complications. C-sections reduce net profit to approximately $3,435. Many responsible Gordon Setter breeders operate at break-even or small losses when all expenses are calculated. The breed's rarity limits market demand compared to more popular breeds.

What is PRA-rcd4 and why is it so important in Gordon Setters?

PRA-rcd4 (rod-cone dysplasia 4) is a late-onset form of progressive retinal atrophy specific to Gordon Setters that causes gradual vision loss leading to blindness, typically in dogs 10+ years old. The critical concern is that an estimated 50% of Gordon Setters carry one copy of the mutation. PRA-rcd4 is autosomal recessive, meaning affected dogs must inherit two copies (one from each parent). DNA testing identifies three statuses: Clear (normal/normal), Carrier (normal/affected—healthy but carries mutation), and Affected (affected/affected—will develop blindness). Breeding Carrier to Carrier produces 25% Affected puppies. Responsible breeders DNA test all breeding stock and only breed Clear to Clear or Clear to Carrier pairings to prevent producing affected puppies.

Why do Gordon Setters have such high elbow dysplasia rates?

Gordon Setters have one of the highest risks for elbow dysplasia among all dog breeds, with an odds ratio of 19.8 for fragmented coronoid process (FCP) compared to the general dog population. This means Gordon Setters are nearly 20 times more likely to develop FCP than the average dog. The exact genetic cause is not fully understood—elbow dysplasia is polygenic (multiple genes involved) with environmental factors also playing a role. The breed's substantial bone and rapid growth rate during development may contribute to cartilage and bone formation issues in the elbow joint. This elevated risk makes OFA elbow clearances even more critical than hip clearances when selecting Gordon Setter breeding stock. Only breed dogs with OFA Normal elbows.

Can Gordon Setters be bred in colors other than black and tan?

No. The Gordon Setter breed standard explicitly states that the only accepted color is black with tan (mahogany or chestnut) markings. Dogs that are predominantly tan, red, or buff, or any color other than black with tan markings, are disqualified from the show ring and should not be bred. This strict color requirement has been maintained since the breed's origin in Scotland. Genetically, all purebred Gordon Setters are homozygous for the tan-point pattern (at/at) and carry genes for black pigmentation. Color breeding decisions are straightforward: if the dog displays the correct black-and-tan pattern, color genetics are correct. Any deviation indicates a fault or possible mixed ancestry.

How does breeding a Gordon Setter differ from other setter breeds?

Breeding Gordon Setters differs from other setters in several key ways. First, bone and substance are paramount—Gordon Setters are the heaviest and most substantial of all setter breeds, requiring careful selection to preserve this characteristic while avoiding coarseness. Second, the health testing focus differs: Gordon Setters require PRA-rcd4 DNA testing (with a critical 50% carrier rate), while Irish Setters face PRA-rcd1 concerns, and English Setters have different health priorities. Third, elbow dysplasia is significantly more prevalent in Gordon Setters (OR 19.8) than in other setter breeds. Fourth, the gene pool is more limited due to the breed's rarity (ranked 99th by AKC)—managing COI requires careful pedigree analysis and willingness to outcross. Finally, the Gordon Setter market is smaller, meaning puppies may take longer to place compared to more popular Irish or English Setters.